Krishi Patrika, Nepal

A Fortnightly Newsletter on Agricultural & Forestry Technologies, Farmers Rights and Analytical News  

  About Krishi Patrika | Request for Support | 1st issue | 2nd issue | 3rd issue | 4th issue | 5th issue | 6th issue | 7th issue | 8th issue | 9th Issue | 10th issue | 14th issue | 11th Issue | 12 issue | 13 issue | Krishi Patrika- Photos | 25 issue | 27 th Issue, 14-28 January 2009

 

*The original form of the newsletter are amended and the pictures are removed to fit with the allocated size of the website

 

 

 

 

lh=k|=sf=sf=b=g= @^)÷@)^$÷^%

uf]=x' b=g @(÷@)^$, ^%

s[lif÷jg k|ljlw, s[ifs xslxt Pjd\ ;dfrf/ ljZn]if0ffTds kflIfs

 

s[lif klqsf

Agricultural Newsletter

An Analytical Fortnightly Publication on Agricultural News, Technology and Farmers Right

jif{M ! c°M @ s[lif klqsf -!^– #) k';, @)^$, 31 Dec 2007-14 Jan., 2008)      d'No ¿M !)  

Contents:  Krishi Patrika, Year 1, Issue 2, 31 Dec,-14 Jan  2008

Page-1; ;dfrf/ ljZn]if0f News Analysis:

·        b'Uw ljsf; glltM ls;fgsfnflu slt hftL]< (Dairy Development policy, how much benefitial to dairy farmers)?

·        jftfj/0flxtsf/L pu 6«] pBf]uM s/sf]df/df (Environment friendly Egg Trey Industries under over taxasion)

·        nfnaGbLdf ;xsf/L w'nf] b"w sf/vfgf :yfkgf ug]{af/] cGt/lqmof_ (Interaction for the establishment of Powder dairy plant at Lalbandi)

·        cfOkmf8sf] afv|f ;|f]ts]Gb| :yfkgfdf;xof]u  (Support to establish goat resource centre from IFAD)_

Page-2; ;DkfbsLo, s[lif cy{ Editorial/Economic Agricultural economy:

·        ufpF / ls;fgsf] nflu s]xL t u/f}+ (Lets do something for village and farmers)

·        cuf{lgs skmL ;fd'lxs v]tLsf] cfwf/ (Organic Coffee basis for Cooperative farming) By Dhakeshwar Ghimire/Indra Gauchan

Page 3, cfw'lgs s[lif k|ljlw Crop Cultivation Practices/Technology:

·        cn}+rL v]tL k|ljlw  (Cardamom Cultivation Technology)

·        ;kmn s[ifs - Successful farmer _M   ;ltf 3n] (Sita Ghale)_

Page 4, pGgt kz'kfng k|ljlw - Livestock Production _M

·        pGgt a+u'/kfng Joj;fo (Improved Pig Production Technology)

·        ;kmn kz'kfns - Successful livestock farmer _     xFl;nf df]xg cfn]  (Happy Entrepreneur: Mohan ale)_

·        lj/f6gu/df s[ifs ynf]sf] tby{;ldlt u7g -Ad hock Committee formed in Biratnagar for Farmers Fora_

Page 5, jg, jftfj/0f tyf hl8a'6L Forestry, Environment and Herbs:

·        ;fd'bflos jg x'g ;S5 lgw{gsf nflu wg (Community Forestry, potential for poverty reduction)_

·        r/gvs{ ljsf; sfo{qmd ;+rfngul/g] < (Implementation of pasture Improvement Program)_

·        b08kf0fL hl8j'6L kmfd{ (Herbal farm ofDandapani)_

Page 6, s[lif gfos, ;fIffTsf/ /Interview:

·        cu|0fL s'v'/f Joj;foL uf]ljGb/fd >]i7 (Pioneer Commercial Poultry Enterprenuers: Govinda ram Shrestha)

Page 7, cGt/fli6«+o  lgjGw/International Agriculture:

·              g]kfn / cGt/fli6«o ;xsf/L cfGbf]ng (Nepal and the International Cooperative movement)

Page 8, s[lif lzIff÷zx/L s[lif /Agri-education/ Urban Agriculture

·        s[lif lzIff Agri-education     af;L kf7oqmdM ljb]lzbf ljBfyL{ (Outdated curriculum and students brain drain)

·        zx/L s[lifM Urban Agriculture b'lift df;'M slt :j:Yos/ slt xfgLsf/s (Impure meat: how much healthy or fatal to health)?

 

 

nfnaGbLdf ;xsf/L w'nf] b"w sf/vfgf :yfkgfug]{ af/] cGt/lqmof

 

s]Gb|Lo b'Uw ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=, g]kfnn] xfn} æ;xsf/L w'nf] b"w sf/vfgf :yfkgfÆ ljifos /fli6«o sfo{zfnf tyf cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf]] 5 . pQm sfo{qmdsf] cWoIftf ;+3sf cWoIf >L 9fsf/fd cof{nHo" tyf k|d'v cltYo of]hgf cfof]usf dfggLo ;b:o >L led Gof}kfg]Ho"af6 ePsf] lyof] eg]+ sfo{qmddf ljz]if cltlysf] ¿kdf dfggLo >L s]zj a8fnHo", /fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3sf cWoIf >L lbksk|sfz afF:sf]6fHo" x'g'x'GYof] . cGt/lqmof sfo{s|ddf 8]/L lj1, /fli6«o b'Uw ljsf; af]8{, g]kfn 8]/L ;fOG; P;f]l;Pzg, kz' ;]jf ljefu tyf cGo ;+3÷;+:yfx¿sf] ;xeflutf lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] lgZsif{sf] cfwf/df ;+3sf] s]Gb|Lo a}7sn] nfnaGbLdf Psnfv klRr; xhf/ ln= Ifdtfsf] ;xsf/L w'nf] b"w sf/vfgf :yfkgf ug]{ lg0f{o;lxt /fli6«o b'Uw ljsf; af]8{ dfkm{t oxL kf}if leq ;/sf/df k]z ug{ ;+3sf cWoIf >L cof{nHo"sf] ;+of]hsTjdf Ps sfo{bn u7g u/]sf] hfgsf/L ;+3sf cWoIf >L cof{nHo"n] ldlt ( kf}if @)^$ sf] k|]z–lj1KtLdfkm{t hfgsf/L u/fpg' ePsf] 5 .

nfnaGbLdf ;xsf/L w'nf] b"w sf/vfgf :yfkgfug]{ af/] cGt/lqmof

 

s]Gb|Lo b'Uw ;xsf/L ;+3 ln=, g]kfnn] xfn} æ;xsf/L w'nf] b"w sf/vfgf :yfkgfÆ ljifos /fli6«o sfo{zfnf tyf cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf]] 5 . pQm sfo{qmdsf] cWoIftf ;+3sf cWoIf >L 9fsf/fd cof{nHo" tyf k|d'v cltYo of]hgf cfof]usf dfggLo ;b:o >L led Gof}kfg]Ho"af6 ePsf] lyof] eg]+ sfo{qmddf ljz]if cltlysf] ¿kdf dfggLo >L s]zj a8fnHo", /fli6«o ;xsf/L ;+3sf cWoIf >L lbksk|sfz afF:sf]6fHo" x'g'x'GYof] . cGt/lqmof sfo{s|ddf 8]/L lj1, /fli6«o b'Uw ljsf; af]8{, g]kfn 8]/L ;fOG; P;f]l;Pzg, kz' ;]jf ljefu tyf cGo ;+3÷;+:yfx¿sf] ;xeflutf lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] lgZsif{sf] cfwf/df ;+3sf] s]Gb|Lo a}7sn] nfnaGbLdf Psnfv klRr; xhf/ ln= Ifdtfsf] ;xsf/L w'nf] b"w sf/vfgf :yfkgf ug]{ lg0f{o;lxt /fli6«o b'Uw ljsf; af]8{ dfkm{t oxL kf}if leq ;/sf/df k]z ug{ ;+3sf cWoIf >L cof{nHo"sf] ;+of]hsTjdf Ps sfo{bn u7g u/]sf] hfgsf/L ;+3sf cWoIf >L cof{nHo"n] ldlt ( kf}if @)^$ sf] k|]z–lj1KtLdfkm{t hfgsf/L u/fpg' ePsf] 5 .

cfOkmf8sf] afv|fsf] >f]t s]Gb| :yfkgfdf ;xof]u

 

xfn} s[lif ljsf;sf nflu cGt/fli6«o ;xof]u sf]if -cfOkmf8_ n] Ps u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf   æ;]G6/ km/ OlG6u|]6]8 Pu|LsNr/ P08 sf]ck/]l6e l;:6d -sf]l;;_ nfO{ sl/a Ps nfv cd]l/sL 8n/sf] ;xof]u pknAw u/fPsf] 5. o; sfo{qmd cGt/ut ul/aL lgjf/0fdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg sa'lnotL jg sfo{qmddf cfjB /x]sf clt lgw{g kl/jf/x¿nfO{ pGgt hftsf] afv|f ;DalGwt lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no dfkm{t ljt/0f ul/g] 5 . sfo{qmdaf6 :yfgLo ¿kd} pGgt hftsf] afv|fsf] cfk'lt{ x'g] / afv|f kfns ls;fgx¿nfO{ kz':jf:Yo, kz' ladf cflbdf klg ;3fO{ afv|f kng k]zfdf bL3|sflng ;'wf/ cfpg]ck]Iff ul/Psf] hfgsf/L ;+:yfsf cWoIf 8f= uf]lks[i0f ;]9fO{Ho"n] lbg' ePsf] 5  .

 

kf7sju{sf] ckf/ ;xof]u ;Fw}+ sfod /xf];\

o; s[lif klqsfsf] k|sfzgn] klxnf] cÍd} kf7sju{sf] ckf/ pT;fx / ;xof]u kfPsf]df xfdL cToGt} pT;flxt tyf cfef/L ePsf 5f}+ .  ljz]iftM lrtjg s[lif d]nf @)^$ xfd|f]nflu  k|rf/–k|;f/, ;Dks{sf] b[li6sf]0fn] lgSs} g} kmnbfoL /Xof] .

 

xfdL xfd|f ;a} cfTdLo tyf z'e]If'ju{ ljz]iftM s[ifs ;d"x, ;xsf/L ;+:yf, ;/sf/L tyf lghLIf]qsf ;+3;+:yfx¿ tyf s[lif;+u ;/f]sf/ /fVg] ;a}df cfef/JoQm ub}{, of] s[lif klqsfnfO{ c´ al9 k|efjsf/L, cem a9L pkof]uL tyf s[lif / ls;fgsf] xslxtdf cem a9L ;lqmotfsf ;fy nfUg cfkmg]f ;Nnfx, ;'emfp, k|ltlqmof, n]v, /rgf, s[lif ;DjGwL cfkm\gf ljz]if cg'ej, cfkm"n] l;s]sf kf7x¿, ;+:yfsf ultljlw, k7fO ;xof]u ul/lbg x'g xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5f}+  .

s[lif klqsf

 

 

b'Uw ljsf; gLltM ls;fgsfnflu slt hftL<

xfn} s[lif tyf ;xsf/L dGqfnon] u|fdL0f If]qdf b"wsf] pTkfbg tyf pTkfbsTj a9fpg], Jofj;foLs/0f tyf k|lt:kwfTds agfpg k|zf]wg pBf]ux¿sf] lj:tf/, b'Uw kbfy{sf] ljljlws/0f, b"wsf] cfoft k|lt:yfkg, b"wnfO{ lgsf;Lof]Uo j:t'sf] ¿kdf ljsf; tyf pkef]Qmfx¿nfO{ pRru'0f:t/sf] b"w / b'Uw kbfy{x¿ ;j{;'ne ¿kdf pknAw u/fpg] p2]Zon] b'Uw ljsf; gLlt @)^$ olx ;fnsf] d+l;/ @& ut ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 .  o; gLltn] b'Uw Joj;fonfO{ u|fdL0f If]qsf] ul/aL lgjf/0f ug]{ k|d'v cfwf/sf] ¿kdf lnOPsf] 5 / gZn ;'wf/, /f]u lgoGq0f ;]jfsf] lj:tf/, r/g tyf cfxf/sf] Joj:yf, kz'wg ladf, ;x'lnot b/df >[0f, dlxnf, blntx¿nfO{ k|f]T;fxg, b'Uw pBf]u :yfkgfsf nflu k|f]T;fxg, ljB't dxz'ndf ;x'lnot, d]lzg/L tyf cf}hf/sf] k}7f/Ldf eG;f/ ;x'lnot, k|fljlws hgzlQmsf] ljsf; cflb dfu{bz{s gLltsf] ¿kdf yk Joj:yf ul/Psf] hgfPsf] 5 . 

o; gLltsf] t]>f] p2]Zo æcfGtl/s ahf/sf] ;DefJotfsf] cfwf/df b'Uw kbfy{sf] ljljlws/0f u/L cfoft k|lt:yfkg ug]{ / b"w tyf b'Uw kbfy{nfO{ lgsf;Lof]Uo j:t'sf] ¿kdf ljsf; ug]{Æ /x]sf] 5 . o; p2]Zo k'lt{sf nflu dfu{bz{s gLltsf] ¿kdf æb"w tyf b'Uw kbfy{sf] d"No lgwf{/0fdf v'nf ahf/ gLlt cjnDjg ul/g] 5Æ, clg æb"wsf] lgof{tnfO{ ;xh t'Nofpg låkIfLo/ If]qLo txdf ahf/ kx'Frsf] nflu eG;f/ / u}/ eG;f/ cj/f]w x6fpg k|of; ul/g] 5Æ eGg] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

;fgf b"w s[ifsx¿sf] ljrf/df o; b'Uw gLlt  ;// k9bf cfsif{s tyf g]kfnL b"w ls;fgsf] lxtdf ePsf] efg kfb{5 t/ o; gLltn] s]xL JolStx¿sf] lglxt :jfYo{ dfq k'/f x'G5 / :jb]zL pBf]unfO{ w/f;foL agfpg] 5 . k/fnsf] e/df Ps–b'O{ j6f ufO{ jf e}+;L kfn]/ cfkm\gf] hLjglgjf{xsf nflu b'Uw Joj;fo ul//x]sf sl/a kFfr nfv ls;fgx¿sf] eljio 7"nf] ;+Í6df k/]sf] 5 o; gLltn] . s]Gb|Lo b'Uw ;xsf/L ;+3 ln= sf cWoIf >L 9fsf/fd cof{nHo" eGg'x'G5 ægLlt ;sf/fTds 5, ls;fgsf] lxt ;+/If0f u/]sf] 5Æ t/ lrtjg lhNnf b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+3sf cWoIf >Lz+s//fh /fhe08f/LHo"n] eGg'x'G5 æof] b'Uw gLlt ls;fgsf] lxtdf k6Ss} 5}g, o;n] b"w ls;fgnfO{ emg cK7]/f]df kfb{5 Æ .

xfn} lrtjg s[lif d]nf @)^$sf] ;Gbe{df cfof]hgf u/]sf] Pslbg] uf]li7df cfkm\gf] sfo{kq k|:t't ub}{ dxflgb]{zs 8f= pQd e§/fO{Ho" eGg'x'G5 g]kfndf pTkflbt b"w tyf b'Uw kbfy{x¿sf] u'0f:t/df ;'wfg'{  clt cfjZos 5 gq o;n] 3/]n' vktdf klg c;/ kfg{;Sb5 .

 

o; eGbf cl3 tTsflng ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 klg skmL gLlt, ækz'jwzfnf tyf df;' hfFr P]g @)%%Æ, @)%&Æ, æ/fli6«o lrof gLlt @)%*Æ,  æ/fli6«o dn gLlt @)^)Æ, æl;+rfO{ gLlt @)^!Æ / xfndf cfP/ @)^$ ;fndf Jofj;flos Pj+ k|lt:kwf{Tds s[lif k|0fffnLåf/f pRr pj+ lbuf] cfly{s jl4 xfl;n u/L vfB ;'/Iff tyf ul/aL lgjf/0fdf of]ubfg ug]{ p2]Zon] æ/fli6«o s[lif gLltÆ  hf/L ePsf] 5 . ;/sf/n] a]nfa]nf cGo gLlt tyf P]g lgodx¿ nfu'ug]{ u/]sf] 5 . s'v'/fkfngsf] ljsf;sfnflu ca ;/sf/ æk+IfL gLltÆ Nofpg] tof/Ldf 5  . o:tf] nfU5 ;/sf/ k|To]s s[lifhGo j:t'x¿sf nflu 5'§f5'§} gLlt 3f]if0ff ug{ sl6j4 5 ;/sf/. h'g;'s} ;/sf/af6 NofOPsf h];'s} gLlt lgodx¿ x'g hgtfsf] xslxt ;+/If0f ug{ / b]zsf] ljsf; ug]{ x'G5g\ eGg] dfGotfdf xfnsf oL s[lif gLltx¿n] ls;fgsf] slt enf] ug]{5 Tof] eljion] atfpFg] 5 t/ ls;fgsf] nflu agfOg] gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx¿df ha;Dd jx';+Vos ;fgf ls;fgx¿sf] ;lqmo ;xeflutf / ltgLx¿sf] xslxtsf] ;+/If0f ul/Gg / To:tf gLlt tyf sfo{qmdsf] ;xL sfof{Gjog x'Gg . To;tf s[lif gLltn] gt ls;fgx¿sf] enf] ub{5 gt s[lifsf] ljsf;} x'g ;Sb5 eGg] wf/0ff ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] /x]sf] kfOG5 .

 

 

jftfj/0f lxtsf/L Pu 6«] pBf]uM s/sf] df/df <

s[lif ;Djfbbftf, lrtjg

s'v'/fkmfd{af6 pTkfbg ePsf] c08f pkef]Stf;Dd ;'/lIft ¿kdf k'¥ofpg Pu 6«]n] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Nb5 . oL Pu 6«]x¿, k|of]u ePsf k'/fgf sfuhx¿af6 agfOG5g\ . g]kfndf hDdf tLgj6f Pu 6«] pBf]ux¿ lrtjgdf dfq cjl:yt 5g\M sflnsf, Pe/]i6 / lrtjg Pu 6«] . oL pBf]ux¿sf nflu sRrf kbfy{sf] d'Vo >f]t sf7df08f} xf] . k'/fgf sfuhx¿ sjf8Laf6 ? ;ftsf] b/df lsGg] u/]sf] / sf7df08f}af6 lrtjg;Dd NofpFbf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] k|lt lsnf] ? @ s/ lng] u/]sf] clg yk Ps ?k}ofF 9'jfgLdf vr{ ubf{ k'/fgf] sfuhsf] d"No k|lt lsnf] ? b;, PUuf/x kg{ hfG5 . Ps lsnf] k'/fgf sfuhaf6 sl/a b; a6f 6«]agfpg ;lsg]  / oL 6«]x¿ Ps ?k}+of gAa] k};fb]lv b'O{ ?k}+o;Dddf laqmL x'g] u/]sf]5 . 6«] agfpg] sfd lbgdf b'O{ l;km\6df rNg] u/]sf] /  oL pBf]ux¿df ;/b/ krf; hgf sfdbf/x¿ sfo{/t /x]sf hfgsf/L sfnLsf Pu 6«]sf >L o'j/fh kf}8]n lbg' x'G5 .

æjftfj/0f k|b'z0fnfO{ sd ug]{, k|of]u eO{;s]sf] / kmflnPsf] sfuh ;+sng u/]/ Pu 6«]sf] ¿kdf k|of]u ul/g] pBf]unfO{ ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 s'g} k|f]T;fxg lbOPsf] 5}g\ . lah'nLsf nflu 6«fG;km/d/ h8fg ug{ klg xfdLn] cfkm\g} nufgL ug'{ k/]sf] 5Æ eGg'x'G5 >L o'j/fh kf}8]n . æef/taf6 clgoldt tl/sfaf6 k'/fgf 6«]x¿ cfoft x'g] u/]sf]n] Pslt/ xfnsf] a8{km\No"sf] dxfdf/L km}ng] qf; cem a9]sf] 5 eg]+ csf]{ tkm{ :jb]zL pBf]u df/df k/]sf] 5 . of] 6«] pBf]u ljz]iftM df};dL cg's'ntfdf lge{/ ug]{ ePsf]n] kfgL k/]sf] lbg / x'/Latf; rNbf xfd|f] pTkfbgdf k|lts"n k|efj kg]{ u/]sf] 5 .  xfnsf] cj:yfdf ;/sf/n] o; pBf]usf] ;+/If0f ug{ s]xL ug{ g;s] klg sd;]sd lhNnf ljsf;af6 lnOg] s/ dfq 5'6 lbPdf klg 7"nf] k|f]T;fxg ldNg] lyof] Æ pxfF yKg' x'G5 .  

;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 ljB'tdf 5'6, ef/t lgsf;L x'g] k'/fgfsfuhx¿df jGb]h ljb]zaf6 cfoft x'g] 6«]sf] lgoGq0f ePdf kof{j/0f ;+/If0fdf ;xof]u ug]{ o; u|fdL0f pBf]un] d0f{fzGg l:yltaf6 qf0f kfpg] 5 .

 

 


 

jif{M ! cÍM @      s[lif klqsf   !^ - #) k';, @)^$            k[i6 @ s[lif cy{, ahf/

;Dkfbs÷k|sfzsM /fd]Zj/ l;+x kf08]

k|jGw ;DkfbsM ;'ldqf kf08]

sfo{fnoM

rfjlxn &, cfbz{j:tL 

kf]i6 aS;M !)@$%, sf7df08f}

kmf]gM @)&#^#(, $$^)*^!

Email: krishipatrika@gmail.com

sfg'gL ;Nnfxsf/M clwjQmf pd]z s'df/ lg/f}nf

l8hfOg tyf n]cfp6M jfOg/L sDKo'6;{, rfjlxn, kmf]gM $$*$*()

d'b|0fM s[kf lk|G6;{, uéflx6L, rfjlxn,  sf7df08f} kmf]gM $$**###

 

s[lif lrGtg ======

ufpF / ls;fgsf nflu klg s]xL t u/f}++ <

·             g]kfn ufpFg} ufpFsf] b]z xf] . sl/a *) k|ltzt hgtf ufpF d} a:b5g\ k|foM ls;fgL u/]/ . clg ufpF d} 5  ef]s, /f]u ul/aL clg clzIff, s'kf]if0f, cGwljZjf; / ck]7fx¿ . h'g;'s} ;s/sf/sf] efvf klg u|fdL0f ljsf;, u|fdL0f /f]huf/L / ul/aL lgjf/0f x'g] ub{5 . t/ oltsf jif{df oltsf ;/sf/x¿ cfPuP slt 36fP t u|fdL0f ul/aL< slt pFef] nfUof] ufpFn]sf] hLjg :t/< u|fdL0f If]qdf Pp6f ultnf] :s"n 5}g\, zfIf/tf k|ltzt clt Go"g 5 . :j:Yo xfjfkfgL / jftfj/0f t 5 t/ /f]u clg afFRg] cfo' yf]/}  5 . s'g} /fd|f] c:ktfn, /fd|f 8fS6/ 5}gg\ . b'lift kfgLn] kvfnf nfu]df Pp6f ;fwf/0f  6ØfAn]6sf] cefjdf la/fdL dg]{ cj:yf cfpF5 . /fd|f] 3f]8]6f] af6f] 5}g\, vf]nf tg]{ emf]n'Ë] k'n ;d]t 5}gg\, . 6'lssf] lwklwk clg bfp/fsf] cfufsf] d':nf] dfem lg:;fl;Psf] 5 ufpFn] 3/ kl/jf/ . v} s;/L pFef] nfU5  ufpFn]sf] hLjg< s;/L x'G5 u|fdL0f ljsf; <

·             ufpFn] hLjgofkgdf ;'wf/ Nofpg] p2]Zon] g]kfndf sl/a rf}la; xhf/  u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿ clg ;of}+  cGt/fli6«o ;+3 ;+:yfx¿ u|fdL0f ljsf;sf] gf/f lbP/ zx/–ahf/df s]lGb|t 5g\ . ;'lsnf uf8Ldf r9]/,  ul/aL lgjf/0f / u|fdL0f ljsf;sf gf/f lbG5g\, ufpFn]n] ga'emg] efiffdf<   

·             g]kfndf sfo{/t /x]sf  oL au|]NtL v'n]sf ;+3, ;+:yfx¿nfO{ ufpFsf] Psb'O{j6f 6f]nx¿sf] lhDdf lbP/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng u/] eg]+ dfq klg ufpF / ufpFn]sf] hLjg :t/, ufpFn]sf] d'xf/ km]l/ ;lsg] lyof] t/ v}<

·             csf]{ rsf]{ ;d:of ufpFsf] xf] jf}l4s ju{ / dWod ju{sf] knfog xf] . v]tL ug]{ ls;fgx¿n] ha s'g} s[lifhGo pBf]udf cfkm"nfO{ :yflkt ub{5g\ pgLx¿ cfkm"nfO{ s[ifs xf]Og pBf]uL eGg ?rfpF5g\ cgL ufpF xf]Og zx/ k:b5g\ , zx/ d} a:b5g\ .

·              ufpFsf lzlIft hdft klg zx/df a:g yfn]kl5 ufpFnfO{ r6Ss lj;{G5g\ . s[lif k|wfg ljsl;t b]zdf h:t} Go"lhNof08df pRr cf]xbfsf JolQmx¿ hflu/af6 lgj[t ePkl5 ufpF a:g ¿rfpF5g\ kz'kfng ub{5g\ , s[lif sfo{df /Db5g\ . gofF gofF k|of]u ug]{ rfxgf /fVb5g\ / b]zsf] ljsf;df, s[lifsf] ljsf;df yk 6]jf k'¥ofpg] ub{5g\ . xfdL zx/jf;L 3G6f} hfddf km;]/ klg, xKtf}+ vfg]kfgLsf] cefjdf, of] w'nf], w'cfF,  k|b'z0fdf u'lD;P/ clg kmf]x/sf] 8Fu'/ dfem klg /dfpFg] ub{5f}+ . xfdL v'a} /dfcf}+ t/ cfkm\" hlGdPsf], cfkm" x'ls{Psf] ufpFnfO{ t r6Ss} gla;f}{+ . zx/d} a;]/ klg s]lx t ;f]rf}+ ufpFsf] nflu, s]xL t u/f}+ ls;fgsf nflu<

 

kf7s k|ltlqmofM

·             o:tf] klqsfsf] lgs} 7"nf] cefj /x]sf] lyof], o:tf klqsfn] lg/Gt/tf kfpg ufXf] x'G5 o;nfO{ lbuf] agfpg' kb{5 –9fsf/fd cof{n, cWoIf, s]Gb|Lo b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+3, z'qm s'df/ k|wfg, k'j{ –k|d'v, s[lif ;'rgf tyf ;+rf/ s]Gb|, sf7df08f}

·             klqsfdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf ;fdu|Lx¿ lgSs} pkofuL] 5g\ t/ klqsfsf] Sjfln6L cln a9fPdf /fd|f]. –/w'gfy k|;fb ;fksf]6f, k'j{ Ol8, gfs{

·             klqsfdf s[lif ljwfsf ;a}If]q ;d]l6Psf] 5 . s[ifssf] nflu of] lgs} pkof]uL 5 – ef]nfdfg l;x a:g]t, g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb, v'dn6f/

·             s[lif klqsf ljBfyL{ tyf k|fljlwsx¿sf nflu klg clt pkof]uL – /fdx/L ltldlN;gf, k|]l;8]G6, lkhL ;f];fO6L s[lif / kz' lj1fg SofDk;, /fdk'/