Krishi Patrika, Nepal

A Fortnightly Newsletter on Agricultural & Forestry Technologies, Farmers Rights and Analytical News  

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*The original form of the newsletter are amended and the pictures are removed to fit with the allocated size of the website

 

 

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s[lif÷jg k|ljlw, s[ifs xslxt Pjd\ ;dfrf/ ljZn]if0ffTds kflIfs

 

s[lif klqsf

Agricultural Newsletter

An Analytical Fortnightly Publication on Agricultural News, Technology and Farmers Right

jif{M ! c°M # s[lif klqsf -!– !% df3, @)^$, 15-29 January, 2008)      d'No ¿M !)        

s[lifr"g pBf]u ;~rfngdf cfPg

–/fd]Zj/ sfsL{÷ wflbª  

Wfflbª lhNnf hf]ludf/f uflj; j8f g+= ( l:yt dlemd6f/df /x]sf] s[lifr"g pBf]u ;/sf/L pbfl;gtfsf] sf/0f ljut nfdf] ;dob]lv k|of]u ljxLg ag]sf] 5 . @)#* ;fndf ;/sf/n] :yfkgf u/]sf] s[lifr"g pBf]u b]zdf rls{Psf] åGbsf] qmddf @)%* r}qdf Iflt k'¥ofPsf] lyof] To;kl5 xfn;Ddklg pBf]usf sd{rf/Lx¿ sfof{no kmls{Psf 5}gg\ .  >L k/;'/fd l3ld/]sf cg';f/ rf/j6f e§f ePsf] ;f] r"g pBf]uaf6 b}lgs b; d]l6«s 6g r"g pTkfbg x'g] u/]sf] lyof] . hf]ludf/f–! df /x]sf] r"g9'Ëf vfgLaf6 9'Ëf NofP/ r"g pTkfbg u/L rf]ef/df /x]sf] s[lifr"g pBf]udf nlu tof/ ug]{ ul/Psf] lyof] . ;/sf/n] nufgL u/]sf] s/f]8f}+sf] ;Dklt olt a]nf k|of]u ljxLg aGg k'u]sf] 5 . xfn pBf]usf] jl/kl/ :yfgLo ahf/sf] kmf]xf]/ km\ofSg] 8lDkª ;fO{8sf] ¿kdf k|of]u ePsf] 5 .

pBf]u ;~rfng ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/ tyf cGo s'g} klg lgsfon] rf;f] b]vfPsf 5}gg\ . ;/sf/sf] dftxtdf /x]sf] hf]ludf/fsf] r"g9'Ëf vfgL ;d]t ;/sf/n] x]6f}+8f l;d]G6 pBf]unfO{ x:tfgt/0f u/]/ lhDd]jf/Laf6 klG5Psf]  :yfgLo af;Ln] cf/f]k nufPsf 5g\ .  ;f] pBf]udf r]kfª ;d'bfosf dflg;n] Hofnf dhb'/L tyf /f]huf/L kfPsf lyP . xfn pBf]u aGb ePkl5 ;/sf/ t 3f6fdf 5 g} :yfgLo dflg;x¿sf] /f]lh/f]6L klg vf]l;Psf]n] ;DjlGwt lgsfon] oyflz3| pBf]u ;~rfng ug{ dfu u/]sf 5g\ .

 

s[lif kqsf/ ;dfhsf] u7g

æslif ljsf;sf nflu ;~rf/Æ eGg] d"n gf/f lbP/ xfn} Ps æs[lif kqsf/ ;dfh g]kfnÆsf] u7g ul/Psf] 5 . >L ofbj yklnofsf] cWoIftfdf pQm ;dfhn] s[lif If]q;Fu ;DalGwt d'2fx¿nfO{ cfd ;~rf/sf dfWod dfkm{t ;xL 9Ëaf6 phfuf/ ug]{ p2]Zon] s[lif kqsf/ ;dfhsf] u7g ul/Psf] hfgsf/L ;dfhaf6 k|sflzt ;"rgfdf hgfOPsf] 5 . ;ft ;b:oLo ;+:yfsf] sfof{no rfjlxndf /x]sf] / cfufdL lbgx¿df ;dfhn] s[lif If]q / ls;fg ju{df hfu/0f Nofpg] sfo{ ug{sf ;fy} s[ifssf] xslxtsf lgDtL ljleGg k|rf/fTds cleofg ;~rfng ug{'sf;fy} gLlt lgdf{tf, ;/sf/L lgsfo Pj+ s[ifssf aLr e/kbf]{ ;]t'sf] e"ldsf ;d]t lgjf{x ug]{ ;dfhn] hgfPsf]  5 . æs[lif klqsfÆ kl/jf/ ;dfh u7gsf] :jfut ub{5 / o; s[lif klqsfsf] k|sfzg / klqsfn] p7fg u/]sf ;jfnx¿df ;xsfo{ x'g ;Sg] ;Defjgf/x¿ k|lt cfzfjfbL  5.

 

 

s[lif klqsfsf] ;"rgf

s[ifs, s[lifhGo ;d"x, ;xsf/L ;+:yf, ;/sf/L÷u}/;/sf/L tyf lghLIf]qsf ;+3;+:yfx¿ tyf s[lif;+u ;/f]sf/ /fVg] ;a} lgsfodf cfkm\g]f ;Nnfx, ;'emfp, k|ltlqmof, n]v, /rgf, cfkm\gf s[lifhGo ljz]if cg'ej, l;s]sf kf7x¿, ;+:yfsf ultljlw, lj1fkg cflb k7fO{ ;xof]u ul/lbg x'g xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5' . o; klqsfsf] jflif{s u|fxs z'Ns -@$ cÍ tyf ljz]iffÍ ;lxt_M ? @@% dfq 5, cfkm" / cfkm\gf] cGt/utsf lgsfox¿nfO{ klg jfli{fs u|fxssf] ¿kdf ;dfj]z u/L s[lif k|ljlw x:tfGt/0f tyf ls;fgsf] xslxt ;+/If0fdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg x'g xflb{s cg'/f]w 5 . o; klqsfsf] ;Djfbbftf, ljt/s jf Ph]06sf] ¿kdf sfd ug{ OR5's JolQm jf ;+:yfx¿n] klg ;Dks{ /fVgx'g cg'/f]w 5 .

–s[lif klqsf

 

 

ls;fg ca a}+s dflns klg=====

s[lif If]qsf] pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj a9fpg u|fdL0f If]qdf ;'ne ¿kdf k"FhL k|jfx ug{] p2]Zon] s[lif ljsf; a}+ssf] :yfkgf @)@$ ;fndf ePsf] xf] . o; a}+sn] ls;fg tyf s[lifhGo pBf]usf] ljsf;sfnflu  s[lif pTkfbg, s[lif pBf]u÷Joj;fo, j}slNks phf{, s[lif ko{6gsf nflu ;'ne ¿kdf >[0f k|bfg u/L s[lif If]qsf] Jofj;foLs/0fdf of]ubfg k'¥ofpFb} cfPsf] 5 . o; a}+snfO{ @)^@ cfif9b]lv klAns lnld6]8 sDkgLdf ?kfGt/0f u/L a}+lsª ;]jf klg ;~rfng ul//x]sf] 5 . jflif{s cfo ? @,%)) eGbf sd jf cfwf x]S6/ eGbf sd hUuf ePsf kl/jf/x¿nfO{ ;fgf ls;fgsf] ¿kdf jlu{s[[t u/]/ ltgLx¿sf] cfly{s :t/dfly psf:g ;d"xut >[0flbg ;lsg] k|fjwfg cg'?k !(&% ;fnb]lv ;fgf ls;fg ljsf; cfof]hfgf klg ;'? ul/sf]df u|fdL0f hgtfnfO{ klg cfly{s pbf/Ls0fsf] d"nwf/df ;dfj]z u/L  ls;fgnfO{ g} a}+ssf] dflns klg agfpg] p2]Zon] s[lif ljsf; a}+s lnld6]8n] ? !)) b/sf] ;f9] afX| nfv a/fa/sf] z]o/ s[lif ljsf; a}+ssf >[0fLx¿df laqmL ljt/0f oxL df3 rf/ ;Dd sfnflu v'nf u/]sf] 5 . >[0f dfu ug{dfq wfpg] ls;fgx¿ ca rfFlx a}+ssf ;]o/ wgL x'g] cf};/sf nfuL o;sf !&& zfvfx¿df nfd nfu]sf 5g\ . zx/ ahf/df a:g] / k};fjfn sxnfpg]x¿n] dfq nufgL u/L cfPsf o; ;]o/ ahf/sf] If]qdf ca ufpFn] ls;fgnfO{ ;d]t s[lif ljsf; a}+sn] ;'cj;/ lbPsf] 5 .

Pp6f dWod juL{o ls;fg h;n] s[lif >[0f jfkt ljutdf ? !),))) ;Ddsf] >[0fL eO{ km\5f}{6 u/L ;s]sf 5g\n] ? %,))))) ;Ddsf] ;]o/ lsGg ;Sg] k|fjwfg a}+sn] lbPsf] 5 . ufpFsf nflu oltsf 7"nf  /sd h'6fpg' rfgr'g s'/f xf]Og . ls;fgx¿ cfkb ljkbsf nflu ;fFr]/ /fv]sf æhLljt wgÆ v;L, afv|f, /fFuf cflb laqmL u/], >[0f sf9]/ klg s]xL /sdsf] hf]xf] u/L ;]o/df nufgL ul//x]sf 5g\ . ufFpn] ls;fgnfO{ pbf/ cy{tGqsf] d"nwf/df NofO{ dWod juL{o s[ifssf] cfly{s :t/ dfyL p7fpg] k'lgt nIfsf ;fy NofOPsf] o; sfo{qmdsf kmfobf 6f7faf9f / k};f nufgL ug{;Sg] ;fx'x¿n] dfq kmfobf p7fpg gkfpg egL s[lif ljsf; a}+s rgfvf] x'g' kb{5 . clg hf] ;fgf, ;'s'Daf;L ls;fgx¿ 5g\ hf] ;+u Ps lsQf ;]o/ lsGg] u}+8f g} 5, gt a}++s zfvf;Dd wfpg] km';{b g}, To;tf c;xfo ls;fgx¿nfO{ cfhsf] v'nf cy{tGqaf6 s;/L nfe k'¥ofpg ;lsG5 eGg] pbfx/0f s[lif ljsf; a}+sn] u/]/ b]vfpg' k/]sf] 5 .

 

b"wdf sf]6f lgwf{/0f ul/+bf ls;fg dsf{df

–/fd]Zj/ sfsL{÷wflbª

b"wdf sf]6f lgwf{/0f ul/Pkl5 ufO{, e}+;L kfn]/ s[lif k];fdf ;+nUg /x]sf wflbªsf ls;fgx¿n] pTkfbg u/]sf] b"w ;a} laqmL ug{ gkfpFbf dsf{df k/]sf 5g\ .  yfqm] uflj;–# l:yt dxfb]ja];L ahf/df /x]sf] b'Uw lr:ofg s]Gb|n] ls;fgn] pTkfbg u/]hlt ;a} b'w vl/b gul/lb+bf o:tf] ;d:of pTkGg ePsf] Joj;foLx¿sf] u'gf;f] 5 . c;f/ b]lv kmfu'g ;Ddsf] ;dodf b"w pTkfbg a9L x'g] ub{5 . ljz]ift o; df\;ddf xl/of] 3fF; kfOg] / kz'x¿ n}gf x'g] x'Fbf pTkfbg a9L x'g] b"w Joj;fodf ;+nUg yfqm]sf s[ifs >L 1fgaxfb'/ sfsL{ atfpg' x'G5 . pFxfsf] egfOdf o; df};ddf pTkfbg ePsf]hlt ;a} b"w laqmL ug{ gkfpFbf ls;fgn] slxn] /fxt kfpg] <  

lxpFbsf] l;hgdf b"wsf] cfk'tL{ a9L x'g yfn]kl5 wflbªdf Ps dlxgfdf ^ lbg;Dd b"wlabf x'g] u/]sf] ænuglzn b'Uw pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yfÆsf ;+sns >L /fdrGb| la8f/Ln] hfgsf/L lbg' eof] . pxfFsf cg';f/ ;a} ;xsf/Ldf kfn}kfnf] labf ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 . dxfb]ja];L b'Uw lr:ofg s]Gb|n] b"wdf lglZrt sf]6f nufO{ lbPkl5 b}lgs bz ln6/ b'w laqmL ub}{ cfpg' ePsf uf]ukfgLsf s[ifs >L ;'Aaf clwsf/L dsf{ k/]sf] atfpFg' x'G5 . dlxgfdf ^ lbg;Dd labf x'Fbf ;f¶L ln6/ b"w v]/ hfg] atfpFb} ;/sf/n] o;sf] j}slNks pkfo ckgfpg'kg]{df hf]8 lbg'ePsf] 5 .

 

of] l;hgdf dxfb]ja];Ldf dfq b}lgs ^ b]vL ;ft xhf/ ln6/ b"wx'g]  u/]sf] 5 . b'Uw ljsf; ;+:yfgn] s]Gb|af6 b}lgs tLg xhf/ ln6/dfq lng] s]Gb|sf k|d'v >L ld7f/fd yfkfn] hfgsf/L lbg' eof] .  lglZrt ¿kdf sf]6f lgwf{l/t ;+:yfx¿n] cfkm"n] kfPsf] sf]6fdf rfln; k|ltzt yk u/]/ Nofpg kfpg] k|fjwfg ul/Psf] 5 .  oxfF o;/L sf]6f kfpg]df lg/Gt/ b"w Pp6} b/df Nofpg] ;+:yfx¿n] @& ln6/ b]lv #%) ln6/;Dd kfPsf 5g\ . k|To]s ;+:yfn] kGw| lbgdf cfkm"n] kfPsf] sf]6fleq /x]/ dfq b"w s]Gb|df nfg] u/]sf 5g\ . nuglznsf >L /fdrGb| la8f/Lsf cg';f/ ls;fgn] NofP hlt lnOlbg] / sf]6f k'¥ofpg dlxgfdf 5 lbg labf ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 . o;f] x'Fbf k|To]s ;+:yfn] kfn}kfnf] labf u/]/ s]Gb|nfO{ ;d]t ;lhnf] agfOlbPsf 5g\ . s]Gb|sf k|d'v >L ld7f/fd yfkfsf cg';f/  r}t j}iffvdf NofPsf] b"esf] cfwf/df sf]6f lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] 5 . yfkfsf cg';f/ oxfF wflbªsf] yfqm], s]jnk'/, gf}la;], uf]ugkfgL, e'd]:yfg, t;k'{, a}/]gL, sNn]/L, nufPtsf uflj;sf] cnfjf g'jfsf]6 / dsjfgk'/sf] u/L !( j6f b'Uw ;+sng s]Gb|n] ;+sng u/]sf] b"w hDdf x'g] u/]sf] 5 . oL ;+Íns ;+:yfx¿ ;a}n] lglZrt sf]6fdf /x]/ b"w Nofpg kfpg] >L yfkfn] atfpg' eof] .

b'Uw pTkfbs ls;fg ;+3sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o >L /ljk|sfz cf]emfsf cg';f/ wflbªdf dfq dxfb]ja];L / r/f}+bLsf] lr:ofg s]Gb|df b"w laqmL ug]{] ls;fg tLgxhf/sf] xf/fxf/Ldf ls;fgx¿ 5g\ . lxpFbsf] ;dodf ;a}sf] ;d:of Pp6} /x]sf] 5 . r}t a}zfvdf b"w gx'g] a]nfsf] sf]6fn] ls;fg df/df k/]sf] atfpFb} cf]emfn] ;/sf/n] b"whGo kbfy{ pTkfbg u/]/ ls;fgsf] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug'{ kg]{df hf]8 lbg' x'G5 . pxfF eGg' x'G5 æcfh eGbf bz jif{ cufl8 e}+;Lsf] / bfgfsf] d"No kGw|xhf/ / b'O{ ;o ?k}ofF k|lt af]/f lyof], clxn] t]tL g} b"wlbg] e}+;Lsf] d"No rfnL; xhf/ / bfgfsf]] d"No kfFr ;o ?k}ofF k'u]sf]5 . t/ klg ls;fgsf] b"wsf] d"No bz jif{ kl5 b'O{ ?k}ofF a9\of], pTkfbg u/]sf] hlt b"w ;d]t laqmL ug{ gkfpFbf ;/sf/L gLlt ls;fg k|lt ;xL gePsf] atfpg' eof] /  pFxfn] o; k|lt ;/sf/sf] Wofgfsif{0f u/fpg ls;fg cfGbf]ngsf] tof/L ul//x]sf]Æ ;d]t hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . s]Gb|n] ;+Íns ;+:yfsfnflu sf]6f lgwf{/0f ul/ lbP kl5 @& ln6/ sf]6f kfPsf] hfnkf b]jL ;xsf/Lsf ;Íns b'w Joj;fo u/]/ afFRg g;Sg] atfpFg'x'G5 . a9L sf]6f kfPsf ;+:yfx¿n] t h;f] t;f] u'hf/f rnfPs} 5g\ . ;+w} o:tf] df/ v]lk/xg' k/] w]/} ;xsf/L ;+:yf aGbx'g] cj:yfdf /x]sf] Joj;foLx¿n] u'gf;f] kf]v]sf 5g\ .

 

cb'jf v]tL ls;fgsf] k|d'v cfDbfgL 

/fd]Zj/ sfsL{÷ wflbª

Jofj;flos ¿kdf ul/Psf] cb'jfv]tLn]] uPsf jif{x¿df eGbf o; jif{ ahf/ efp bf]Aa/ dfyL kfPkl5 gf}la;] – ! l:yt wfs{] ahf/df /x]sf] t/sf/L ahf/ cb'jfsf] s]Gb| g} aGg k'u]sf] 5 .     lhNnfsf] s]jnk'/, hLjgk'/, uf]ugkfgL, 5q]b]p/fnL, gf}la;], yfqm], t;k'{, e'd]:yfg, a}/]gL nufPt clwsf+z uflj;x¿sf] cltl/Qm sfe]|, dsjfgk'/, g'jfsf]6, uf]/vf, sf:sL, afUn'ª nufPtsf lhNnfaf6 cb'jf laqmLsf nflu Nofpg] ul/Psf] :yfgLo Jofkf/L >L s[i0fnfn >]i7n] hfgsf/L lbg' eof] . pxfFsf cg';f/ oxfFaf6 ef/tLo jhf/df wfs]{af6dfq b}lgs rf/÷kfFr l6«k -6«s_ ef/t tkm{ lgsf;L x'g] u/]sf] 5 .

utjif{ o;} ;dodf k|lt lsnf]u|fd cf7 b]lv afx| ?k}ofF /x]sf] cb'jf cr]n klRr; b]lv tL; ?k}ofF k|lt lsnf]sf b/n] ls;fgx¿ laqmL ug{ kfPsf 5g\ . ut jif{ efp ;:tf] ePkl5 af/Ld} 5fl8Psf] cb'jf klg clxn] ;a}n] vGg yfn]sf] s]jnk'/sf s[ifs >L led;]g lj8f/Ln] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . cGo ;dodf ahf/ tyf 3/d} e]l6g] ls;fgx¿ cfhef]nL laxfg b]vL a]n'sf;Dd cb'jf vGg Jo:t x'g] u/]sf] pxfFn] atfpg' eof] . pxfFsf cg';f/ s]jnk'/ / hLjgk'/ uflj;sf] blIf0f k"lj{ e]usf ;Dk"0f{ s[ifsx¿ Jof;flos ¿kdf cb'jfv]tL u5{g .

ds} / sf]bf]sf] t'ngfdf kfFr u'gf eGbf a9L cfDbfgL x'g] tyf cGt/afnLsf] ¿kdf k/Dk/fut afnL ds} , e6df;, nufpFbf klg pTkfbgdf X\f; gcfpg] x'Fbf cb'cf v]tL ls;fgx¿sf] lglDt yk cfsif{0f ag]sf] xf] . uf]ugkfgLsf cb'jf s[ifs >L uf}td a'9fyf]sLsf cg';f/ o; If]qsf k|To]s 3/kl/jf/n] tL; b]lv b'O{ ;o lSjG6n;Dd cb'jf pTkfbg u5{g\ . cb'jf vGg] ;dodf x/]s ls;fgsf] af/Ldf 3/ eGbf 7'nf] y'k|f] cb'jf x'g] u/]sf] pxfFn] atfpg' eof] . æcb'jf afh]Æsf] pkgfdn] k|Voft  >L s'nk|;fb kf}8]nsf cg';f/ o; If]qdf Jofj;flos ¿kdf cb'jfv]lt ;'? ePsf] kGw| jif{ hlt ePsf] 5 . tLg jif{cl3 ufpFdf df]6/af6f] gx'Fbf k|lt lsnf] b'O{?k}ofFsf] b/n] dflg;nfO{ af]sfP/ laqmL ug'{ kg]{ ;d:of lyof] . t/ clxn] ufpFdf df]6/af6f] ;d]t lgdf{0f ePkl5 9'jfgL ug{ ;lhnf] x'Fbf cem w]/} pTkfbg x'gyfn]sf] ls;fgx¿ atfpg' x'G5 . 

cb'jfv]lt ls;fgx¿nfO{ gofF 3/3/]8L hf8g] cf};/ lbPsf] 5 eg]+ wfs]{ cf;kf;sf clwsf+z o'jfx¿nfO{ ynf]d} /f]huf/L o'jfx¿sf cg';f/ j}b]lzs /f]huf/LdfeGbf Jofj;flos cb'jfv]ltdf /fd|f] cfDbfgL x'g] u/]sf] 5 . t/ cr]n /;folgs dn, sL6gfzs ljiffbLsf] cTolws k|of]un] ubf{ df6f]sf] pj{/f zlQm IfL0f x'Fb} hfg], gofF gofF /f]u tyf sL/fsf] ;d:of /x]sf] ls;fgx¿ atfpg' x'G5 . Jofj;flos ¿kdf ug]{ cb'jfv]ltdf s]lx jif{b]lv pld|g] ljlQs} kx]+nf] x'g] / km]bdf dl;gf sL/f nfUg] /f]u b]vf kg{ yfn]sf] hLjgk'/sf ls;fg >L /fdk|;fb ¿kfv]ltn] hfgsf/L lbg' eof] . cb'jfdf b]vf k/]sf] gf}nf] /f]usf] pkrf/ sflndf6L b]lv v'dn6f/ ;Dd n}hfFbf klg pkrf/ kQf nufpg g;lsPsf] u'gf;f] ls;fgx¿ sf] 5 . xfn ahf/sf] vf;} ;d:of g/x]sf], zLtu[xsf] cefjdf klg v]td} klg gvlgPsf] cb'jfnfO{ /fVg ;lsg] ePsf] / cfocfh{gsf] bl/nf] >f]tsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] o; Jofj;flos cb'cf v]tLnfO{ ;DjlGwt lgsfon] oyf]lrt Wofg lbP/ /f]uJofwL lgoGq0f, pTkfbgsf] ljljlws/0f tyf lbuf] ahf/ Joj:yfkgdf ls;fgx¿nfO{ ;xof]u ug'{ kg]{ /fo ;d:t cb'cf s[ifsx¿sf /x]sf] 5 .

 

 


 

jif{M ! cÍM @      s[lif klqsf   !^ - #) k';, @)^$            k[i6 @ s[lif cy{, ahf/

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rfjlxn &, cfbz{j:tL 

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Email: krishipatrika@gmail.com

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s[lif lrGtg ======

lsg ufpF, ufpF h:t} 5}g\ <

·       lsg ufFp ufFp h:tf] 5}g< lsg 5g\ u|fdL0f hgtf ul/a < lsg ufpFdf af6f]3f6f], oftfoft, ljB't, lzIff, :jf:Yosf] ;'ljwf k'Ug ;s]sf] 5}g\ . lsg hf] ls;fg 5g\ pgLx¿;+u hUuf 5}g\ < lsg v]tL ug]{sf] hUuf 6'qmb} uO/x]sf] 5< lsg hftkft, ;fgf]7"nf], kfgL rNg]–kfgL grNg] oL ;fdflhs ljs[lt a9L 5 ufpFdf < lsg æu"F cfof] ls ufpF cfof] Æ eGg] cj:yf 5 g]kfnsf] ufpF3/df<

·       t/fO{df /ftL, udL{ dlxgf 8f]/Lsf] vf6 /fv]/ dflg;x¿ jflx/ cfFugdf d:t;+u ;'Tby] . kxf8sf] 3/x¿df tfnf nufpg] rng lyPg s]xL jif{ cl3;Dd . lbbL, alxgLx¿ vf]nfdf, kfv/Ldf, kFw]/fdf x'n afFwL afFwL g'xfpg] ub{y], lkpg] kfgL cf];fb{y], s]xL jif{ cl3 ;Dd . t/, cr]t lbpF;} cfkm\g} 3/df a:g klg 8/ nflu/xG5< kfgL lkpg] nfossf vf]nfdf cr]n h"sf, Eofu'tf klg hLpg ;Sb}g\g ., s]jn /dfPsf 5g\ /f]usf sL6f0f'x¿dfq .

·       g]kfndf #,(!% ufpF / %* gu/kflnsfdf dw]z b]lv lxdfn;Dd 5l/P/  /x]sf 5g\ . clg g]kfnL sl/a *) k|ltzt eGbf a9L >dzlQm ufpFd} a:g] ub{5g\, lgjf{xd"ns hLjgofkg u/]/ . oL ufpFn]x¿ dWo] sl/a #! k|lt;t cToGt} ul/aLsf] cj:yfdf hLpg jfWo 5g\ . logLx¿sf] d'Vo ;d:of eg]s} b'O{ 5fg vfg] hf]xf] ug'{ g} xf] . jg, hËn, 3fF;, bfp/f ubf{ub}{ kf7zfnf hfg] pd]/ v':sG5, kFw]/f, vf]nf, gfpFnf], s'Fjf, wfpFbf– wfpFb} jfNosfn laTb5g\ . g]tf, ljsf;] sfo{sQfsf] efif0f, ldl6Ëdf efulnP/ s]fxL hfg];'Gg] eO klg xfN5g s]xL ufFpdf . kl/jf/sf] ;+ªVof klg k|foM 7"n} 5 . clg jif]{gL h;f] ylkbf] 5g\ gofF ;Gtfg . gt\ cfËdf /fd|f] gfgf 5 gt x's]{sfx¿sf nflu ;'Tg] 7fFp g} . w]/} h;f] la/fdLx¿ c:ktfnsf] d'v} x]g{ gkfO{ 3f6 k'Ub5g\ . v]tL ug]{ hUuf yf]/} dfq 5 jf 5Fb} 5}g\ . hLGblu w]/} z+3if{n] el/Psf] 5 .

·       sl/a &) k|ltzt ls;fgx¿sf] cf};t hUuf s]jn 8]9 la3f jf #) /f]kgL dfq 5 . o:tf] ;fgf] hUufdf cfw'lgs s[lif k|0ffnL ckgfpg' s]xL ufX|f] x'G5 . pGgt v]tL k|ljlw ufpF;Dd k'Ug ;s]sf] 5}g\ . clg k/+k/fut v]tLaf6 pTkfbg klg yf]/}dfq x'g] eof] s;/L k]6 e/f]; ufpFn]sf] <

·       zx/sf] b]vfl;sL s]xL k|ljlw ufpFdf leqLPsf] klg 5, t/ To;sf] k|foM ahf/ 5}g\ . ufpFsf b'u{d If]qdf s:tf] k|ljlwn] :yfg kfpg] kg]{ xf]< s:tf] pTkfbg ug'{ kg]{ xf]< To; tkm{ lj1sf] ;f]+rfO{ g} 5}g\ . Pp6f æljsf;Æ cfP/ eG5 æn t/sf/L v]tL ug]{Æ / aGbfsf la?jfx¿ ufpFe/L afFl8G5g\ . ;a}sf 3/df aGbf kmn]sf 5g\ . ahf/;Dd aGbf k'¥ofpg] ;fwg, >f]t 5}g\ . laqmL x'g] s'/} ePg, e}+;Lklg v';L ePsL5g\ aGbf vfg kfP/–of] Ps pbfx/0f dfq xf] .

·       ljz]ifu/L ætNnf hftx¿, hghftL tyf dlxnfx¿ a9L kLl8t 5g\ ul/aL / plTk8gaf6 . u|fdL0f ul/aL, a]/f]huf/L / ;dflhs e]befpn] cl:y/tf tyf ljb|f]x lgDTofPsf] xf] g]kfndf . / o; ljb|f]xaf6 ;a}eGbf kLl8t klg u|fdL0f hgtfg} eP . csf]{lt/ kxf8L e"efudf v]tL ug{ sl7g x'g] x'Fbf /fd|f] hUufsf] vf]hLdf, b'O{5fs eft vfg kxf8af6 t/fO{ a;fFO{ ;g]{ klg lgSs} eP s]xL jif{ cl3;Dd . ;fdflhs, n}lËs, e]befpn] klg cfly{s e]befpnfO{ a9g d2t u¥of] .  If]qut lx;fadf ul/aL / ;fdflhs e]befpsf] km/s cem a9L b'u{d :yfgx¿df .

·       t/ klg v';L 5, ;'vL 5, ufpFn] aflx/af6 . ufpFnfO{ :ju{;+u t'ngf ul/G5, t/ olb :ju{ g]kfnL ufpF h:t} 5 eg]+ To:tf] :ju{df sf]xL dflg; a:g÷hfg rfxGg xf]nf < g]kfnL ufpFnfO{ g]kfn h:t} ;'Gb/ ufpF agfcf}+ . cfh}b]lv xfdL ;a} h'6f}+, k|0f u/f}+, ufFpnfO{ uf+p h:t} ;'Gb/, zfGt / :ju{ h:t} agfpg ========

 

kf7s k|ltlqmofM

s[lif klqsfnfO{ cem /fd|f] agfpg' k¥of]

 

klqsf k9]+ /fd|f] 5 . o;nfO{ cem /fd|f] agfpg o;df g]kfnsf d'Vo d'Vo klqsfdf k|sflzt ePsf s[lif;DjGqL ;dfrf/sf] ;f/ klg lbg' k¥of] clg g]kfnL ls;fgx¿sf of]ubfg klg. xfn} sfnLdf6L t/sf/L ahf/sf] kmf]x/sf] Joj:yf ug{ lsQL{k'/;+u ;Demf}tf ePsf] va/ klqsf dfkm{t yfxf kfOof] Tof] sltsf] j}1flgs 5, xfdL sxfF sDkf]i6 s'xfpg] rng 5 sDkf]i6nfO{ ksfpg] xf, s'xfpg] xf]Og Tof] a'em]/ klqsfn] 5fKg' k¥of] . clg klqsfn] slt sdfO{ ul//x]5 < lj1fkg sltsf] kfOPsf] 5 lg< P, æP clxn] æa|]:6 lkml8ªÆsf] cj:yf 5, ln6f] vfg] a]nf ePsf] 5}g\<Æ

–x't/fd a}B

s @÷!$ lqk'/]Zj/ sf7df08f} ,kmf] $@$%&!(

-olx k'if @^ ut] x't/fdHo}n] xfdLnfO{ cfkm\gf] 3/df  af]nfP/ klqsf ;DjGwL k|ltlqmof lbg' ePsf] xf] –;Dkfbs_

 

A RAMPURE started a good job

 

Congratulations, and good wishes!

Pandeji it is thrilling news for me that you have started an agriculture based fortnightly publication. It is a matter of proud for me that A RAMPURE started a good job for the sake of nation and Nepalese farmers. I would like to thank you and your team. And I would also like to support on technical aspects whatever there is within my capacity. Please be in contact! Thank you very much!

 

Y P Giri

Entomology Division, NARC

  •  

s[lif If]qsf] ljsf;df dlxnf ;xefuLtf / r'gf}tLx¿

–k|sfz /fh l;jfsf]6L,  kz' :jf:Yo lgb]{zgfno, lqk'/]Zj/

 

s[lif k|0ffnLdf cfl>t d'n's g]kfndf /x]sf dflg;x¿sf] /f]lh/f]6L / k|ToIf hLjg lgjf{xsf] dfWodsf] ¿kdf k/fk"j{sfnb]lv g} s[lif k]zf /xb} cfPsf]] 5 . s[lifIf]qsf] ljsf;df dlxnfx¿sf] cxd\ e"ldsf /x]sf] 5 .  s[lif If]]qsf] of]hgfj4 ljsf;sf nflu d'n'sleq ePsf ;fwg / >f]tx¿sf] cfwf/df /f]huf/L, ul/aL lgjf/0f / s'kf]if0f 36fpg s[lif If]qsf] ljsf; nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOPsf] 5 . dlxnf ;xeflutf k'?ifsf] t'ngfdf lgs} g} al9 ePsf] x'Fbf s[lif If]qdf k|bfg ul/g] tfnLd, e|d0f, ;d"x u7g cflbdf dlxnf ;xeflutfnfO{ xfn cfP/ %) k|ltzt k'¥ofOPsf] 5 .

xfn b]zsf] s"n /fli6«o pTkfbgsf] #( k|ltzt of]ubfg s[lif If]qsf] g} /x]sf] / jif{]gL sl/a tLg nfv dflg;x¿ s[lif If]qdf g} yk /f]huf/Lsf] nflu cfpg] ub{5g . o;sf ;fy} b]zsf] s"n hg;+Vofsf] ^^ k|ltzt dflg;x¿sf] d"Vo /f]huf/Lsf] af6f] klg s[lif g} /x]sf] 5 . b]zdf rn]sf] b; jif{] cfGtl/s åGbsf] sf/0f w]/} k'?ifx¿ j]}b]lzs /f]huf/Lsf] nflu aflx/ nfu]sf] sf/0fn] klg v]tjf/Lsf] sfd ug]{ dlxnfsf] ;+Vof j[l4 x'Fb} uPsf] 5 . To;sf/0f klg g]kfnsf] s[lif Aoj;fodf k'?ifsf] t'ngfdf dlxnfx¿sf] ;xeflutf a[l4 x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 .  h; cg';f/ s[lifsf ljleGg If]q tyf jfnL cg';f/ dlxnfsf] ;xefuLtf ^) b]lv *@ k|ltzt ;Dd /x]sf] 5 . h;dWo] kz'kfngdf t dlxnf ;xeflutf &) k|ltzt eGbf al9 5 . h'g If]qn] s"n /fli6«o pTkfbgsf] !& k|ltzt / s[lifhGo pTkfbgsf] @* k|ltzt eGbf al9 of]ubfg kz'kfng If]qn] cf]u6]sf] 5 . b}lgs hglhljsfsf] nflu k'?ifx¿ b}lgs  * 306f / dlxnf eg] !! 306f eGbf jl9 sfd ug]{ ub{5g\  .

b]zsf] s"n hg;+Vofsf] cfwf eGbf al9 hg;+Vof cf]u6\g]  dflxnfx¿sf] Ifdtf clea[l4 ug{sf] nflu eg] Tolt k|of;x? ePsf] kfOb}g . /fli6«o :t/df /x]/ s[lif If]qsf] ljsf; ug]{ /0fgLltx¿ agfpg] 7fFpdf clxn] klg dlxnfx¿sf] kx'Fr k'Ug ;s]sf] 5}g . o;f] x'g' s[lif If]qsf] nflu dfq geP/ s[lif k|wfg d'n's g]kfnsf] ;du| cfly{s ljsf;sf] nflu g} 7'nf] r'gf}tL xf] . hg;+Vofsf] *$ k|ltzt dflg;x¿ b]zsf]] u|fdL0f If]qdf g} j:g] x'Fbf /fli6«o pTkfbgsf] ^% k|ltzt lx:;f klg u|fdL0f If]qaf6 g} k|fKt x'g] x'gfn] u|fdL0f If]qdf /x]sf s[ifsx¿sf]] Ifdtf clea[l4 ug'{ cfhsf] cfjZostf xf] . h; dWo] klg s[lif If]qdf /x]sf] 7"nf] c+z dlxnfx¿df ePsf] 1fg, ;Lk, bIftf cflbsf] a[l4 ug{ s[lif Aoj;fo cg';f/sf] tflnd, k|bfg ug'{ kg]{ cfjZostf klg Tolts} 68sf/f] 5 .

s[lif If]q g]kfnsf] cy{tGqsf] d]?b08sf] ¿kdf cufl8 al9/x]sf] cj:yfdf o;sf ;fd" s]lx r'gf}tLx¿sf] klg ;fdgf ug'{ kg]{ cj:yf 5 . clxn] klg g]kfnsf s"n hg;+Vofsf] #% k|ltzt eGbf al9 s[ifsx¿n] cfkmgf] nflu rflxg] cfjZos vfBfg pTkfbg ug{ g;sL ef]sd/Lsf] ;d:of ef]Ug' k/]sf] 5 . ;g !(*) sf] bzs ;Dd vfBfGg lgsf;L ug]{ b]z clxn] cfP/ jflif{s @ nfv d]l6«s6g eGbf al9 vfBfg jif]{gL k}7f/L ug]{ cj:yfdf k'u]sf] 5 . s[lif If]qsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/ ug]{ gfdDff ljb]zL /fi6«  tyf bft[ lgsfoaf6 k|fKt x'g] >[0f tyf cg'bfgsf] ;xof]u klg ljb]zL k/fdz{bftf jf ljifo ljz]if1x¿ lgo'ltm ubf{ / cfof]hgfnfO{ rflxg] ;/;dfgx¿ ljb]zaf6 vl/b ubf{ g} vr{ x'g] x'Fbf nlIft hg;d'bfodf k'Ug kfpb}g . o;sf afjh'b b]zdf pTkfbg ePsf] b"w, :ofp, cflbsf] pTkfbg a[l4 ug]{ k|z:t ;Defjgf / If]qx¿ ePklg xfn pTkflbt  s[lif j:t'n] ahf/ gkfP/ kfpg ;s]sf] 5}g . s[lif Joj;fo km:6fpg g;Sg'df cGo s]lx gLltut r'gf}tLx¿ klg 5g . h:t} b]zdf k|;:t b"wsf] pTkfbg x'bf x'b} klg ljb]zaf6 b'Uw ljsf; ;+:yfg nufot cGo gLlh If]qnfO{ kfp8/ b"w k}7f/L ug{ lbg'n] ldNs xf]ln8]sf] ;d:of emg} rsf]{ ¿kdf Aoxf]g'{ k/]sf] 5 .

o;sf ;fy} v]ltkftL ug]{ ;dodf /f;folgs dn jLp, pGgt k|ljlwsf] ;w} cfjZostf x'g] ub{5 . b]Zfdf klxn] b]lv :yfkgf ePsf] s[lif ljsf; a}s, ;fgf ls;fg cfof]hgfn] klg gftfjfb, s[kfjfb / sld;gsf ;fy} rs|jtL{ Aofh cflbsf] sf/0f >[0f  lnP/ s]lx u/f} eGg] efjgf ePsf ls;fgx¿ lg/f; aGg k/]sf] tYo xfd|f] ;fd'  n's]sf] 5}g . ;g\ *) sf] bzs;Dd vfBfGg lgsf;L ug]{ g]kfnsf xfn $! eGbf al9 lhNnfx¿df vfBfGg gk'usf] ;d:of Joxf]g'{ k/]sf] 5 . ljZjsf] hn>f]tdf bf]>f] 7"nf] wgL /fi6« eP/ klg v]tL of]Uo e"ldsf] #) k|ltzt eGbf al9 If]qdf l;+rfO{ ;'ljwf k'Ug g;Sg' csf]{ r'gf}tL xf] . o;sf ;fy} g]kfndf clxn] klg ul/g] v]ltkftL / kz'kfng Aoj;fo k'/fg} tl/sfn] ul/b} cfPsf]n] ubf{ klg g]kfndf pTkfbg x'g] j:t'x¿sf] nfut al9 eO{ pTkfbg dx+uf] x'g] t/ ef/taf6 k}7f/L x'g] j:t'x¿ ;:tf] x'g] x'Fbf g]kfnL pTkfbgn] d"Nodf k|lt:kwf{ ug{ g;sL :yfkgf ePsf s[lifhGo pBf]ux¿ klg w/f;fxL x'g k'u]sf 5g . o;sf ;fy} g]kfnL s[lifhGo j:t'x¿sf] nfut d"No al9 x'g] csf]{ sf/0f klg 5 / Tof] xf] pGgt gZnsf kz', klG5x¿, s[lif jfnLx¿sf] jLp, dn / k|ljlwsf] k|of]u gx'g' cflb . clxn] klg k|lt x]S6/ #! s]=hL eGbf al9 /f;folgs dnsf] k|of]u x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . o;/L pknAw x'g] /f;folgs dn klg ;8s ;'ljwf, ls;fgsf] r]tgf :t/, pknAw cfly{s >f]t cflbsf] sf/0f t/fO{ / /fhdfu{ 5]p5fpsf ls;fgx¿n] dfq k|of]u u/]sf] kfOG5 . b]zsf] /fli6«o cfDbfgLdf 7"nf] lx;f cf]u6g] kz'kfng If]qdf klg vf;} ;]jf ;'ljwf k'Ug ;s]sf] 5}g . clxn] klg Ps hgf kz' lrlsT;sn] b'O{ nfv  eGbf al9 kz'x¿nfO{ :jf:Yo ;]jf k'¥ofpg' kg]{ cj:yf 5 h'g ljZjs} cTolws xf] . b]z ljZj Jofkf/ ;+3sf] ;b:o eO{ ;s]sf] cj:yfdf xfd|f ;fd" ljb]zaf6 k}7f/L x'g] ljleGg s[lifhGo pTkfbgx¿;+u klg k|lt:kwf{ ug{' kg]{ ;d:ofx¿  klg yk r'gf}tLsf] ¿kdf xfd|f] ;fd' cfpg] 5g\ .

 

 


 

jif{M ! c°M #           s[lif klqsf              !- !% df3, @)^$                    k[i6 # pGgt v]tL k|ljlw

ktem8 hftsf kmnkm"n v]tL

g]kfndf clxn] klg kmnkm"nnfO{ b}lgs ef]hgsf] cfjZos cË xf]Og ls zf}vsf] ¿kdf x]l/G5 . xfdL sf]xL lj/fdLnfO{ e]6g hfFbf jf sf]xL ljlzi6 JolQmsf]df hfFbf zf}uftsf] ¿kdf kmnkm"n lnP/ hfg] ub{5f}+, :ofp lnP/ hfg] ub{5f}+ . clxn] klg kmnkm"n lj/fdLn] vfg] j:t' xf] eGg] ;f]+rfO 5 xfdLdf . t/ hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ cfO{/x]sf] cj:yfdf g]kfnLn] klg kmnkm"n vfg] rng lj:tf/} lj:tf/} a9fO{ /x]sf 5g\  t/ klg Ps cf};t g]kfnLsf] vfgfdf kmnkm"nsf] dfqf lgSs} sd /x]sf] cg'dfg 5 . :ofp, gf:kftL, cf?, cf?avf8f cflb ktem8 hftsf kmnkm"n x'g\ . oL ktem8 hftsf kmnkm"nsf] v]tL ug]{ rng g]kfnsf] nflu gf}nf] xf] . 

k|ljlwsf] c1fgtfn] g]kfndf knem8 hftsf kmnkm"nsf] v]tLsf] rng Tolt ePsf] lyPg\ . s]xL dfqfdf cf?, cf?avf8f, gf:kftL, cf]v/ cflb yf]/ ax't dfqfdf x'g] ub{Yof] . ;g\ !(@% lt/ s[lif ljefusf] :yfkgf ePkl5 afnfh" tyf uf]bfj/L pBfGodf ljb]zaf6 cfoft u/L pGgt hftsf lztf]i0f kmnkm"nsf] la?jf nufpg yflnof] . ;g\ !(%) kl5dfq kmnkm"n v]tLsf] ;+:yfut ljsf; ;'? ePsf] xf] .  !(%% lt/ kmnkm"n ljsf; zfvfsf] :yfkgf ePkl5 dfq cd]l/sL ;xof]u cGt/ut pGgt hftsf cf?, cf?avf8f, :ofp cflb l;+xb/af/ / ssgL kmfd{df nufP/ kmnkm"nsf] ljsf; ug{ yflnof] . ;g !(^) b]lv !(&# sf] aLrdf ef/tsf] ;xof]udf clw/fHosf] ljleGg kxf8L If]qx¿df 5 j6f kmnkm"n kmfd{ :yfkgf ul/P / kmnkm"n ;DjGwL cWoog, cg';Gwfgsf] yfngL k|fyldstfsf ;fy x'g nfUof] gLlh:t/df klg kmnkm"n v]tLsf] lj:tf/ x'g yfNof] . o; cjlw;Dd cfjZos la?jfx¿ ef/taf6 NofOGy] t/ !(*) b]lv otf :jb]zd} gLlh g;{/Lx¿ :yfkgf x'g yfn] / :jb]zd} kmnkm"nsf la?jfx¿ pTkfbg x'g yfNof] . xfn @% jif{ s} cGt/fndf ktem8 kmnkm"n v]tLsf] If]qdf g]kfn lgSs} cufl8 a9L;s]sf] 5 / g]kfnsf] s]xL If]q h:t} d':tfË, h'Dnf, j}t8Ldf lgSs} /fd|f] :t/sf] :ofp pTkfbg x'g] u/]sf] 5 . xfn g]kfndf sl/a  ^$ x]S6/ -s_ ktem8 -:ofp, gf:kftL, cf?, cf?avf8f cflb_ hftsf kmnkm"n !$ xhf/ x]S6/df, v_;'Gtnf hftsf kmnkm"n  !^ xhf/ x]S6/df / u_ ;bfaxf/ -cfFk, lnrL, s6x/ cflb_ hftsf kmnkm"n #$ xhf/_ If]qdf  v]tL x'g] cg'dfg 5 . o;af6 s|dzM *@ xhf/, Psnfv / tLgnfv 6g kmnkm"nsf] pTkfbg x'g] cg'dfg 5 . o;/L s'n ^$ xhf/ x]S6/af6 kfFr nfv 6g kmnkm"n jif]{gL pTkfbg x'g] ub{5 .

g]kfnsf] ef}uf]lns ljljwtf tyf xfjfkfgLn] o; b]zdf ljleGg k|sf/sf kmnkm"n nufpg ;lsG5 . g]kfndf k|fo ;a} kxf8L lhNnfx¿df knem8 hftsf kmnkm"n nufpg ;lsg] k|z:t ;+efjgf /x]sf] 5 . kxf8L If]qdf le/fnf] hUuf x'g] / cGg v]tL ug{ s]xL ufX|f] ePsf]n] kmnkm"n v]tLsf nflu clt pQd dflgG5 . ef/t, j]nfot, O6nL, Oh/fOn, hfkfg, cd]l/sf cflb b]zaf6 knem8 hftsf la?jfx¿ cfoft u/L nufOPsf 5g\ . k|fo ktem8 la?jfsf] sndL k'if–df3df ul/G5 . la?jf /f]Kgsf nflu Ps–Ps ld6/sf] nDafO{, rf}8fO{ / ulx/fO{sf] vfN8f] c;f]h sflt{sdf vg]/ dl;+/ b]lv df3;Dddf la?jf /f]Kg' kb{5 . la?jf /f]Kbf Ps b]lv csf]{ la?jfsf] b'/L sl/a % ld6/ /fVg' kb{5  cyf{t Ps x]S6/df sl/a #)) la?jf /f]Kg' kb{5 . la?jfsf] cfsf/k|sf/ / pd]/ cg';f/ k|ltaf]6 @) b]lv ^) lsnf] ;Dd /fd|f] kf]s]sf] uf]a/ jf sDkf]i6 dn /fVg' kb{5. clg csf]{ kIf Joj:yfkgsf] d'Vo cË eg]sf] sf65fF6 xf] lxpFb dlxgfdf cgfjZos xfFufx¿ 5fF6g] ug'{ kb{5 . la?jfsf jl/kl/ pld|Psf grflxFbf emf/kfn uf8g] ug'{ kb{5 . la?jfdf /f]u tyf sL/f nfu]df ljz]iftM h}ljs ljlw k|of]u u/]/ pkrf/ ug'{ kb{5 .  la?jf ;fgf 5Fbf;Dd au}+rf leq cGojfnL h:t} bnxg, t/sf/L, kmnkm"n cflb nufpg ;lsG5 . kmn kf]s]df kfs]sf] kmnnfO{ xftn] l6Kg' kb{5, rf]6k6s nfUg] u/L emfg'{ x'Gg . l6k]sf kmnkm"nnfO{ cfsf/ cg';f/ ;fgf]7"nf] 5'§fO{ a]Unfa]Un} afs;df /fv]/ laqmL ljt/0fsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg' kb{5 . w/]/}h;f] ktem8 kmnkm"n kxf8L, b'u{d If]qdf x'g] ePsf]n] Koflsª, 9'jfgL tyf jhf/sf] /fd|f] Joj:yf ldnfpg' kb{5 . a9L ePsf] jf jhf/;Dd k'¥ofpg g;Sg] cj:yf cfPdf kmnkm"nnfO{ k|zf]wg u/L kmnkm"nsf] hft cg';f/ hfd, h]nL, /;, ;'s]sf] rfgf cflb agfP/ /fVg ;lsG5 . xfn b]zdf sl/a @)) 3/]n' pBf]ux¿n] kmnkm"n k|zf]wg ul//x]sf 5g\ . s]xLn] kmnkm"nsf] /S;L klg agfpg] u/]sf 5g\ . g]kfndf xfn ^% k|ltzt kmnkm"n ljb]zaf6 cfoft ul/G5 . oftfoft, k|ljlw, ;'ne nufgL, ;fd'lxs v]tL cflbnfO{ k|fyldstf lbP/ kxf8 tyf lxdfnL If]qdf kmnkm"n lj:tf/sf k|z:t ;+efjgfx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . xfn b]zdf ;o eGbf a9L gLlh kmnkm"n g;{/Lx¿n] la?jf pTkfbg tyf laqmL ljt/0f ul//x]sf 5g\ . ef}uf]lns ljljwtfsf] sf/0f g]kfndf kmtem8 hftsf kmnkm"nsf] lj:tf/sf] ;Defjgf k|z:t 5 . kmnkm"n v]tLsf] ;fd'lxs v]tL Jofj;flos ¿kdf u/]/ u|fdL0f If]qsf] ul/aL lgjf/0f ug{ ;lsG5 .

 

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