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dlxnfx¿sf] k|of;df æau/Æ agfOof], xl/of] jg
– >Ls[i0f ;f?, x]6f}8f
dlxnfx¿n] ;dfhdf s]xL ug{ ;Sb}gg\ eGg] ;f]]+rfOnfO{ r'gf}lt lb+b} r'l/ofdfO{, dsjfgk'/sf dlxnfx¿n] ;'Vvf d?e"ldnfO{ xl/of] jgdf kl/0ft u/]/ b]vfOlbPsf 5g\ . :yfgLo dlxnfx¿ 3/wGbfaf6 km';{b lgsfnL jiff}{b]lv au/sf] ¿kdf /x]sf] hldgdf vghf]t u/L j[Iff/f]k0f u/]/ x/fe/f agfpg ;kmn ePsf 5g\ . 7"nf 7"nf 9'Ëf km'6fP/ r'l/ofdfO{sf dlxnfx¿n] sfdgnfUg] au/nfO{ cfly{s pkfh{gsf] ;|f]t ;d]t agfPsf 5g\ .
aiff{ofddf cfpg] afl9n] k|ltjif{ v]ltof]Uo hldg au/df kl/0ft ub}{ nu]sfn] hldg ;+/If0fsf nflu la=;+= @)%$ ;fndf ufpFdfg} ;d"x u7g u/L lj=;+= @)%^ ;fnb]lv ;d"xs} kxndf j[Iff/f]k0f sfo{ yfngL u/]sf] :yflgojf;L tyf e'6gb]jL dlxnf tyf ;xsf/L ;+:yfsL cWoIf >LdtL sflG5dfof yf]s/ atfpg' x'G5 æafl9n] aufPsf] @^ x]S6/ hldg dWo] !& x]S6/ hldgdf j[Iff/f]k0f u/L ;lsPsf] 5 . ;d"xsf dlxnfx¿n] ToxfF ljleGg hftsf 3fF; -:6fOnf], HjfOG6, l6of];]G6L, e]h, hO{_ tyf kmnkm"nsf jLpx¿ ;d]t pTkfbg u/]sf 5g\ . o;/L x'ls{Psf 3fF;x¿sf] jLp laqmL tyf au/dfg} pd|g yfn]sf jgdf/faf6 la|s]6 pTkfbg u/]/ ;d"xn] /fd|f] cfocfh{g ;d]t u/]sf] 5 . ;+Íng ePsf] k};fn] afFsL ;Dk"0f{ au/df klg a[Iff/f]k0f ug]{{ dlxnfx¿sf] of]hgf 5 Æ . ;]tfDd] 9'Ë} 9'Ëfsf] au/nfO{ pTkfbgzLn xl/ofnLdf kl/0ft u/]sf dlxnfx¿n] ;/sf/ tyf cGo ;+3 ;+:yfx¿sf] ;xof]u kfPdf To; If]qnfO{ ko{6sLo uGtJo agfpg] of]hgf /x]sf] dlxnfx¿ atfpF5g\ . dlxnfx¿sf] o:tf] pT;fxdf ;DjlGwt lgsfoaf6 cfjZos ;xof]usfnflu kxn ul/g' kg]{ /fo dlxnf tyf ;fdflhs sfo{sQfx¿sf] /x]sf] 5 .
3fF;df cfwfl/t b"wpTkfbgsf nflu 3fF;sf] jLpm ljt/0f
–/fd]Zj/ sfsL{÷ wflbª
lhNnfsf] uf]ugkfgL uflj;df/x]sf tL;hgf ls;fgx¿nfO{ g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb -gfs{_n] kz'x¿sf]nflu kf]if0fo'Qm 3fF;sf] jLpm ljt/0f u/]sf] 5 . lxpFbsf] ;dodf ;'Vvf x'g] / xl/of] 3fF;sf] cefjx'g] x'Fbf kz'x¿sf] b"w pTkfbg 36g] tyf bfgfsf] vkt a9L eP/ pTkfbg nfut a9L ls;fgx¿nfO{ dfsf{ kg]{ ePsf] x'Fbf 3fF;df cfwfl/t b'Uw pTkfbgsf] ljsf; ug]{ p2]Zon] xfn} gfs{n] lxpFb]v]tLsfnflu pGgt hftsf 3fF;s] jLpx¿ -h}, e]r, jlif{d cflb_ ljt/0f u/]sf] hfgsf/L gfs{sf wflbª ;+of]hs >L gf/fo0f xdfnn] lbg'ePsf] 5 . d+l;/ dlxgfdf lj?jf pdf/]sf] 3fF; df3 dlxgfdf sf6\g ldNg] x'G5 . lxpFbsf] ;dodf 3fF; gx'Fbf o;n] lgs} /fxt ldNg] :yfgLo s[ifs >L ab|L ?kfv]tLn] atfpg' x'G5 . tLgj6f ;d"xdf /x]sf tL; ls;fgx¿nfO{ !% /f]kgL huufdf 3fF;v]tLug{ jLpm ;xof]u ul/Psf] :yfgLo sn]S6/ >Lb]j/fh kf}8]nn] hfgsf/L lbg' eof] . xfn s[ifsx¿n] xl/of] 3fF;sf] pTkfbg u/L ufOa:t'nfO{ v'jfpg ;'? u/]sf5g\ .
kmfd{; kmf]/f -s[ifs ynf] _ åf/f, æs[ifs 5nkmn sfo{qmdÆ
–PA6«fsf] k|ltlglw, sf7df08f}, @% df3
ls;fg tyf s[lif;+u ;DjlGwt JolQm, lgsfo, ;+:yfx¿nfO{ Ps ;femf ynf] k|bfg u/]/ s[ifsx¿sf ;d;fdlos ;d:ofsf lgbfgsfnflu kxn ug{ PA6«fsf]n] kmfd{; kmf]/f -s[ifs ynf]_sf] sfo{qmd æ/fli6«o s[lif cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf; sf]ifÆsf] ;xof]udf ;~rfng ul//x]sf] 5 . o;} ;Gbe{df oxL df3 @% ut] sf7df08f}df PA6««fsf], kmfd{; kmf]/f / ls;fg ;+3sf ;efklt nufot cGo k|ltlglwx¿aLr Ps 5nkmn sfo{qmd ;DkGg ul/of] . 5nkmnsf] qmddf g]kfn ls;fg ;+3sf ;efklt >L efg' l;Ub]nn] æls;fgx¿n] ef]uLcfPsf ;d:ofx¿sf] ;'gjfO{ gePsf]n] s[ifs ;d:of oyfjt /x]sf], s[lifnfO{ Ps lglb{i6 laGb'df k'¥ofpg tyf j}1flgs e"ld;'wf/sfnflu ;j{;DdtLsf] cfwf/df gLlt tof/ kfl/g' kg]{ / o;sfnflu kmfd{; kmf]/fn] kxn ug'{ kg]{Æ /fo JoQm ug'{ eof] . ;+3sf dxf;lrj >L nj Gof}kfg]n] æo'jfzlQm ;a} ljb]z knfog ePsfn] s[lif x|f;f]Gd'v ePsf]Æ s'/f atfpg' eof] . o;}u/L s]Gb|Lo ;b:o >L a]b axfb'/ s];Ln] æ;/sf/L tYofÍ e/kbf]{ gePsf] pbfx/0f k]zub}{ utjif{sf] af9Ln] wfg ;a} aufP/ nu]sf]df o; jif{ wfg pTkfbg 36]sf] t/ ;/sf/n] wfgsf] pTkfbg a9]sf] 5 eGg] tYofÍ k]zu/]sf] 5 t/ wfgsf] wfp cfsflzb} uPsf]n] gldNbf] tYofÍ lbPsf] 5Æ eGg] /fo k]z ug'{ eof] . s]Gb|Lo ;b:o >L u0f]zrGb| ltldlN;gfn] æa8{km\n'sf] xNnfn] s''v'/f Joj;foLx¿n] lgSs} gf]S;fgL Joxf]g'{ k/]sf] t/ ;/sf/n] /fxtsf] s'g} Joj:yf gu/]sf]Æ u'gf;f] kf]Vg' ePsf] lyof] . 5nkmndf >L 6]s/fh e§/fO{, azGtL l3ld/], sdn ljqmd v8sf, tyf cGo k|ltlglwx¿n] klg cfkm\gf] tkm{af6 ls;fgsf ;d:ofx¿ /fVg' ePsf] lyof] .
PA6«fsf]sf cWoIf >L hulbzrGb| uf}tdn] ls;fgx¿sf] pTkfbgn] plrt ahf/sf] cefjdf ;d:ofef]Ug' k/]sf] tYo pbfx/0fsf;fy k]zub}{ kmfd{; kmf]/fn] ls;fg / ;]jfk|bfg ug]{ lgsfonfO{ Ps}ynf]df NofP/ s[ifssf ;d;fdlos ;d:ofx¿sf] ;dfwfgsf nflu kxn u/L lgjf{xd"ns s[lif / s[ifsn] ef]uL cfPsf ;d:ofx¿sf lgbfgsf nflu ;+o'Qm kxn ul/g' kg]{ cfjZostfdf hf]8 lbg' eof] . To:t} kmf/d{ kmf]/fsf s[lif lj1 >L /fd]zj/ kf08]n] s[ifsx¿ ljleGg ;d"x, bn, ;+3÷;u+7g÷dfrf{df ljeSt ePsf]] x'Fbf s[ifsx¿sf] cfjfh sdhf]/ ePsf] 5. To;}n] s[ifsx¿sf ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfgsfnflu cfjZos ;'gjfO{ x'gg;s]sf] xf] . To;y{ s[ifs ynf]sf] 5ftfd'gL ;a} s[ifs Psh'6 eO{ ls;fgx¿ ;d:of;dfwfgsfnflu kxn ul/g' kb{5 . ls;fg ;+3 tyf cGo s[ifs k|ltlglw, s[lif Joj;foLx¿ / PA6«fsf] cGt/ut s[ifs ynf] sfo{qmdn] ls;fgx¿sf] ;d:of ;dfwfgsfnflu ;+o'Qm¿kdf k|of; ug]{ / o:tf 5nkmn sfo{qmdnfO{ cfpFbf lbgdf klg lg/Gt/tf lbg] ;xdlt b'j} kIfaf6 ul/of] .
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g]kfndf df5f kfngM cj;/ 5g\, t/ k'jf{wf/ 5}gg\
g]kfn hn;Dkbf / h}ljs ljljwtfn] el/k"0f{ b]z xf] . oxfF ^,))) eGbf a9L gbL gfnfx¿, y'k|} 3f]n, tfn, tn}ofx¿ clg s[ltd ¿kdf agfOPsf kf]v/Lx¿sf] s'n If]qkmn sl/a ( nfv x]S6/eGbf a9L 5 . kf]v/Lx¿sf] ;ªVofdfq @#,^@& eGbf a9L 5 / oL kf]v/Lx¿n] sl/a ^,%)) x]S6/ If]qkmn cf]u6]sf 5g . wfgv]tdf klg df5f kfng ul/G5 . oL ;a} hnIf]qx¿af6 g]kfndf sl/a $^,&&( 6g df5f pTkfbg x'g] ub{5, o;dWo] kf]v/Lx¿af6 pTkfbg x'g] df5fn] g]kfndf %) k|ltzt -@#,&%) 6g_ eGbf a9L lx:;f cf]u6]sf] 5 .
g]kfndf !*% eGbf a9L hftsf df5f kfOG5g\ . oL] dWo] sl/a bz hftsf df5fx¿dfq Jofj;flos ¿kdf kfng ul/G5 . kflng] df5fx¿df /x', g}gL, efs'/ :jb]zL hftsf df5fx¿ x'g\, clg l;Ne/, ljux]8, u|f; / sdg sfk{, k'lG6;, l6nflkof, /]Gaf]6«fp6 cflb ljb]zL hftsf df5fx¿ x'g\ . g]kfnsf vf]nfgfnf / hn;|f]tsf] plrt ;b'kof]u x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . kfgL 5 df5f 5}gg\ -To:t} hnljB'tsf] vfgL 5 t/ lah'nL 5}g_ .
xfn g]kfndf sl/a !^,))) kl/jf/x¿ dT:okfng Joj;fodf ;ªnUg /x]sf] / yk %),))) kl/jf/ k/+k/fut df5f dfg]{ dnfx ;d'bfodf /x]sf] cg'dfg 5 . kf]v/fdf hnf/Lx¿sf] ;fgf] ;d"xn] km]jf tyf a]ugf;tfndf lk+h8fdf df5f kfn]/ cfkm\gf] hLljsf rnfO/x]sf 5g\, kf]v/f tfn}tfnsf] zx/ elgG5, t/ tfndf v} df5f < kf]v/]nLx¿ klg To} ljb]zL hftsf df5fdf lge{/ 5g\ .
k|m]; lkm; xfp; sflndf6Lsf >L /fdrGb| ufdLn] sf7df08f}df df5fsf] Joj;fo u/]sf] 7\ofSs !@ jif{ eof] . pxfF slkn]Zj/, hgsk'/af6cfO{ bfh' / legfh';+u of] Jofkf/df nfUg' ePsf] xf] . clxn] bfh'sf] hgsk'/df cfˆg} df5f kf]v/L 5,, e"/fklg cfkm} pTkfbg u/]/ laqmL ug'{ x'G5 . legfh'n] of] df5fsf] k]zf 5f8L ;Sg' eof] . pFxf eGg'x'G5 æsf7df08f}df b}lgs #,))) b]lv $,))) lsnf] tfhf df5fsf] vkt x'G5 . :jf:Yo / kf}li6stfsf] b[li6sf]0fn] df5f pTs[i6 kz'hGo k|f]l6g xf], t/ oxfFsf dflg;x¿df df5f vfg] afgL g} 5}g, df5fsf] kf}li6stf ;DjGwL hfgsf/L g} 5}g . df5fdf sfF9f x'G5 eg]/ 8/fpF5g\, df5f g} vfGgg\Æ .
g]kfndf ljz]if ¿kdf g}gL, l;Ne/sfk{, l;N;f, efs'/, /f]x', kªuf;, hnsk'/, d'Ë/L cflb df5fx¿ vfOG5g\ . oL dWo] g}gL, l;Ne/ sfk{ cflb hgsk'/, jL/uGh, la/f6gu/, e}/xjfaf6 NofOG5 eg] c? ;a} df5f ef/tsf] cfGw|k|b]zaf6 cfpg] u/]sf 5g\ . g]kfndf vkt x'g] df5fx¿ dWo] () k|ltzt df5f ef/taf6} cfoft x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . hlt df5f sf7df08f}df vkt x'G5g\ tLdWo] (% k|ltzt t kf]v/Ldf kflnPsf df5f x'g\ . gbL vf]nfsf df5f t sxfF kfpg' < hnsk'/, 6]ªu|f, a'xf/L, zx/ df5fx¿ gbLdf kfOg] df5f x'g\ . oL df5f sf];L, gf/fo0fL gbLaf6 NofOG5g\ / logLx¿sf] cg'kft s"n df5fsf] k/L0ffdsf] a9Ldf % k|ltzt xf]nf < gbL / vf]nfdf ;dfltPsf ;fgf df5fx¿ ufpF3/d} laqmL x'G5g\, s]xLdfqfdf hnsk'/, a'xf/L cflb df5fx¿ sf7df08f} klg NofOG5g\ .
æcfGw|k|b]zaf6 sf7df08f};Dd NofO{ k'¥ofpg slDtdf %–& lbg nfU5 . df5f cfO; -a/km_df /fv]/ 6«saf6 NofOG5g\, w]/} b'v x'G5 . hf8f]df o:tf] df5f !) –!@ lbg;Dd /fVg ;lsG5 t/ udL{df t tLg lbg eGbf a9L /fVg} ;lsGg . ef/tdf df5f sl/a ef? $)–$% k|lt lsnf] kb{5 clg 9'jfgL vr{ cflb yk ef? @% k|lt lsnf], eG;f/, Sjf/]g6fOg, lhNnf ljsf;s/ cflbn] ubf{ sf7df08f};Dd cfOk'Ubf g]kfnL ? !)) k|lt lsnf] k'U5 . xfdL oxfF xf]n;]n ? !!)–!!% k|lt lsnf] a]Rb5f}+ . df5fsf] laqmL sflQs b]lv r}t dlxgf;Dddf w]/} x'g] ub{5 . d}n] hfg] otf v;Lsf] df;'sf] d"No 8an ePsf] 5, xfdLn] lsGg] u/]sf] df5fsf] d"No klg 8an ePsf] 5 t/ laqmL ug]{ df5fsf] d"No k|foM :yL/ 5 . d"No a9fof] eg]+ df5f laqmL x'Gg_ To;}n] yf]/} gfkmf lnP/ klg Joj;fo ul//x]sf 5f}+ . xfd|f] df5fsf] P;f]l;Pzg Tolt k|efjsf/L 5}g, ;b:og} yf]/} 5g\, Tolt ;+ul7t klg 5}gg\Æ >L ufdL eGg' x'G5 .
pxfF yKg' x'G5 æsflndf6Ldf dfq df5f Jofkf/ ug]{x¿ @# hgf 5g\, sf7df08f}df sl/a !)) hgf 7"nf yf]s tyf v'b|f df5f Jofkf/L 5g\ xf]nfg\ . clg ;fOsndf lnP/ 3/3/ 3'Dg] sl/a @)) hgf xf]nfg\ . oL tLg;o df5f Jofkf/Ldf () k|ltzt dw]zL tyf d'ZnLd d"nsf g]kfnL / afFls kxfl8d"nsf g]kfnL 5g\Æ . Tolt g} a]nf Ps o'js cfOk'Ug' x'G5 g]jf/L y/sf ;'Gwf/fsf df5f Jofkf/L . pFxf yKg' x'G5 æg]kfnLn] klg ca df5f Jofkf/ ug{ yfn]Æ. sf7df08f}df df5f Jofkf/ ug]{ k'/fgf] Jofkf/L x'g' x'G5 ;'Gwf/sf æcAb'n ld+ofÆ pxfF eGg' x'G5 æd}n] sf7df08f}df df5f laqmL ug{ nfu]sf] %)–^) jif{ eof], df5f ;DaGwL c? hfgsf/L dnfO{ xf]Og sfnLdf6Ldf ;f]Wgf];\Æ pxfF w]/} af]Ng rfxg' x'Gg .
æ;/sf/n] df5f ljsf;sfnflu cfjZos dfqfdf Wofg lbg ;s]sf] 5}g . ls;fgn] df5f pTkfbg a9fP kf] xfd|f] klg Jofkf/ km:6fpF5, ls;fgx¿n] df5fkfngsf nflu cfjZos k|f]T;fxg kfPsf 5}gg\ / dfu cg';f/ b]zdf !) k|ltzt klg df5f pTkfbg e}/x]sf] 5}g . ljb]zaf6 cfoft ul/g] df5fn] b]zsf] cfjZostf k'tL{ ul//x]sf] 5 . xfdL Jofkf/Ln] s] eGg], s] ug]{ < oftfoft, af6f] aGb x'Fbf, xfd|f] df5f To;} v]/ hfg] ub{5 . ls;fgx¿sf] kf]v/Ldf kfn]sf] df5f jif{fdf af9Ln] ;a} aufP/ nfG5, To;sf]nflu aLdfsf] Joj:yf / ahf/sf] /fd|f] Joj:yf 5}g . df5fsf] nflu k|z:t} kfgL rflxG5 v} kfgL < ljb]zdf df5fsf] e"F8L lgsfn]/ l8k|mLh u/]/ laqmL ul/G5 t/ oxfF g]kfndf e"F8L lgsfn]df æn /f]ufPsf] df5f, ;8]sf] df5f a]Rof]Æ eGg] cf/f]k nfU5 . /]lk|mh/]zg u/]sf] vfg]s'/f vfg] cfbt g]kfnLsf] 5}g, la:tf/} xf]nfÆ pxfF eljio k|lt cfzfjfg\ x'g'x'G5 .
g]kfndf df5f kfngsf] Oltxf; w]/} k'/fgf] 5 . wfld{s tyf kfgLsf] ;|f]t;+/If0fsfnflu /fdfo0f sfnb]lv g} ljleGg kf]v/Lx¿sf] lgdf{0f eP, To:t} dNnsfndf sf7df08f} pkTosfdf kf]v/L tyf wf/fx¿ lgdf{0f ul/P . /f0ff zfzsx¿sf kfndf ag]sf b/af/x¿sf] ;f}Gbo{ a9fpg kf]v/L agfP/ zf}vsf] ¿kdf ljleGg hftsf df5f kflng] ul/Gy] . t/ v]tLsf] ¿kdf df5f kfngsf] ljsf; x'g ;s]sf] lyPg . @))$ ;fndf /f0ff zfzsx¿n] afnfh' tyf ;fgf] 6'Fl8v]nsf] kf]v/Ldf ef/taf6 /x', g}gL, efs'/ hftsf df5fsf e"/fx¿ NofP/ cfw'lgs dT:o kfngsf] ;'? u/]sf x'g\ . kl5 @))^ ;fndf df5f ;]S;g :yfkgf / @)!# ;fndf sdg sfk{sf] k|hgg\, @)!% ;fndf k/jfgLk'/df klxnf] dT:o ljsf; s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf, @)@# ;fndf dT:o ljsf; ljefusf] :yfkgf, @)#& b]lv @)$*÷$( ;Dd dT:o ljsf; cfof]hgf / To; kl5 @)$* ;fnb]lv hfkfg ;/sf/sf] ;xof]udf k|fs[lts hnfzo -a]ugf; tfn_sf] lkFh8fdf df5fkfng, lqz'nLdf 6«fp6 df5fkfngsf] ljsf; ;'? ePsf] xf] . o;/L df5fkfngsf] qmlds ljsf; ePklg Jofj;flos df5fkfngsfnflu rflxg] cfjZos k"jf{wf/, hgdfg;df df5fsf] kf}li6stf tyf u'0faf/] cGof}n, plrt ahf/Ls/0f cflbsf] ;d:ofn] ubf{ df5f kfng Tolt km:6fO/x]sf] 5}g . o;} ;Gbe{df dT:o ljsf; lgb]{zgfnosf sfo{qmd lgb]{zs >L lszf]/ pkfWofo eGg'x'G5 æpknAw ;|f]t / ;fwgn] dT:o ljsf;sf] If]qdf h]hlt sfdx¿ ePsf 5g\ To;df ;Gtf]iflng] k|z:t cfwf/x¿ 5g\ . dT:o ljsf;sf] If]qdf sfd ug]{ k|z:t cj;/ / xf};nf x'Fbfx'b} klg rfx]sf] hlt sfd ug{;lsPsf] 5}g, df5fsf] ;d'lrt ljsf;sf nflu Ps 5'§} ljefusf] cfjZostf 5Æ .
cGgafnLsf] t'ngfdf df5fkfngsf] cf};t pTkfbg k|lt x]S6/ #=& d]l6«s 6g /x]sf] 5 . k|lt lsnf] ;o ?k}+ofdf laqmL u/]klg Ps x]S6/af6 ? ;f9]tLg nfv;Dd cfDbfgL ug{ ;lsG5 . df5fkfngdf sd nfut nfUg], s'v'/fsf] h:tf] dfxfdf/L gnfUg], pRr :t/sf] kz'hGo k|f]l6gsf] ;|f]t ePsf] / g]kfndf df5fkfngsf] ljsf;sfnflu pknAw k|r'/ cf};/ ePsfn] df5fkfng Joj;fonfO{ æhn qmfGtLÆsf ¿kdf ;~rfng ul/g' kb{5 . u|fdL0f ul/aL lgjf/0f ug{ clxn]sf] h:tf] b'O{÷b'O{ rf/÷rf/ s¶f hUuf g} afF8g' kb{5 eGg] 5}g, clt ul/a tyf ljkGg hUufljxLg kl/jf/x¿nfO{ cfjZos zLk / k|f/lDes ;fwg, ;|f]t sf] Joj:yf u/]/ g]kfnsf ljBdfg k|fs[lts hnfzox¿df ;fdd'bflos df5fkfng sfo{qmd ;~rfng u/L ;|f]t ;+/If0fsf ;fy} ul/aL lgjf/0f ug{ ;lsGg / <
/fd]5fksf] h'gf/, sf7df08f}df ===
–kz'klt dxtf], nxfg
clxn] h'gf/sf] df};d xf], sf7df08f}df h'gf/ / ;'Gtnfx¿ kx]+nk'/ blvG5g\ . /fd]5fksf >L kbdaxfb'/ nfdfn] cf]v|]gLaf6 h'gf/ NofP/ sf7df08f}df laqmL u/]sf] klg cf7, bz jif{ eof] . pxfFsf af/Ldf sl/a #%) af]6df n6/Dd h'gf/ kmn]sf 5g\ . æh'gf/ v]tLn] /fd]5fkdf w]/}sf] hLjg psf;]sf] 5Æ pxfF eGg' x'G5 . æslDtdf jflif{s ? krf; xhf/b]lv Psnfv;Dd cfDbfgL x'G5 . h'gf/nufPsf] af/Ldf df};d cg';f/ leqLafnLsf] ¿kdf tf]/L, t/sf/L, l;dL, xbL{, cb'jf cflb nufpg ;lsG5 / yk cfDbfgL x'G5 . cf]v|]gL / ;'sfhf]/ uflj;dfdfq sl/a $)) kl/jf/n] h'gf/ nufPsf 5g\Æ pxfF yKg' x'G5 . h'gf/sf] laqmL ufpF3/d} klg x'G5 . ef/tLo Jofkf/Lx¿ 3/3/ 8'Nb5g\ . sf7df08f}af6 hfg] jf sf7df08f}lt/ cfpg]x¿n] klg sf]z]nLsf] ¿kdf kfFr, bz lsnf] h'gf/ af]s]/ Nofpg] u/]sf 5g\ Æ.
æ/fd]5fkdf @)%% /fnb]lv h'gf/ ls;fgx¿ ;xsf/Ldf cfj¢ ePsf 5g\ . laqmL tyf k|zf]wg ;xsf/L dfkm{t ul/G5Æ eGg' x'G5 /fd]5fksf tfTsflng lhNnf s[lif ljsf; clws[t >L 6Lsf/fd d'lnrf . æ;xsf/Ln] k|ltlsnf] ? bzsf b/n] ls;fgx¿;+u h'gf/ lsg]/ To;sf] u|]l8Ë ug]{, k|zf]wg, ug]{ tyf ahf/Ls/0f ug]{ lhDdf lnPsf] 5Æ .
cr]n sl/a jif{sf] @%, #) 6g h'gf/ sf7df08f} NofP/ ;xsf/Ln] laqmL ug]{ u/]sf] 5Æ >L nfdf eGg'x'G5 . æ/fd]5fksf %( uflj;x¿ dWo] !& uflj;x¿df h'gf/v]tL ug{ ;lsG5 t/ ;d'lrt ahf/sf] cefj, u'0f:t/Lo pTkfbg, cGt/afnL Joj:yfkg cflb h'gf/ v]tL lj:tf/sf jfws ;d:ofsf] ¿kdf /x]sf 5g\ . ls;fgx¿ xfn h'gf/af6 nfUg] /f]uaf6 kLl8t ePsf 5g\, v/fgL /f]u, sTn], WjFf;], km]bs'lxg] cflb /f]u tyf sL/fsf] k|sf]kn] Jofkstf lng yfn]sf] 5 . ;/sf/ tyf ljleGg lgsfox¿n] /f]usf] gLbfg tyf pkrf/ ljlw ls;fgnfO{ lbg' k¥of], t/ Tof] ls;fgn] kfO/x]sf 5}gg\ Æ .
h'gf/sfnflu csf]{ cu|0fL lhNnf l;Gw'nL xf] . l;Gw'nLsf sl/a $@ uflj;x¿df b'O{ xhf/ x]S6/eGbf a9L If]qkmndf h'gf/ v]tL ul/G5 / sl/a %)) kl/jf/ Jofj;flos h'gf/v]tLdf ;+nUg /x]sf 5g\ . h'gf/nfO{ s]xL sd;n, /ftf,] b'd6 tyf le/fn]f hUUffdf klg nufpg ;lsg], w]/}lbg;Dd /xg] / ahf/sf] klg /fd|f] dfu ePsf]n] u|fdL0f ul/aL lgjf/0fdf o;sf] clt w]/} dxTj /x]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] h'gf/ ef/tLo h'gf/ eGbf w]/} :jflbnf], pRr u'0f:t/sf] ePsf]n] o;nfO{ l5d]sL b]z aËnfb]z nufot cGo d'n'sdf lgof{t ug{ ;lsg] k|z:t} ;Defjgfx¿ /x]sf5g\ . ;/sf/sf] cJojxfl/s gLltn] ubf{ ljb]z lgsfzL x'g ;Sg] cf};/x¿ u'ld/x]sf5g\ . g]kfnsf dWo kxf8L If]qsf !,))) b]lv !,%)) ld6/ aLrsf] e"efudf o;sf] v]tL ug{ ;lsg] / ul/aLsf] rfk klg o;} If]qdf a9L /x]sf]n] cfocfh{gsf] Ps 7f]; ljsNksf] ¿kdf h'gf/v]tLn] cem a9L k|fyldstf kfpg' kb{5 eGg] /fo ls;fg tyf lj1x¿sf] /x]sf] 5 .
æs[lifb"tÆsfnflu cu|0fL s[ifsx¿nfO{ cfdGq0f
cfˆgf] If]qdf 7f]; of]ubfg k'¥ofpg' ePsf pTs[i6 s[ifsnfO{ of] s[lif klqsf æs[lifb"tÆsf ¿kdf dgf]gog ug{ rfxfG5 . s[kof OR5's cu|0fL s[ifsx¿nfO{ ;Dks{ /fVgx'g cg'/f]w ul/G5 –s[lif klqsf
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g]kfnsf] vfB;'/Iff / ul/aL
· vfB;'/Iff eGgfn] ef]sd/Lsf] qf;af6 d'Qm x'g' xf], s] vfg] eGg] lrGtfaf6 d'Qm x'g' xf] . dflg; hlt ul/a x'G5 Tolt vfB;'/Iffsf] l:ylt sdhf]/ x'G5 . slt 5g\ t g]kfnL 9'Ss;+u vfg kfpg] < clxn]sf] 5fs 6¥of] e/] s] vfg] eGg] lrGtfaf6 d'St <
· æ;fwf/0f hLjgofkgsfnflu cfjZos kg]{ cfjZos kf]ifstTj tyf cfxf/fsf] sdL x'g] cj:yfnfO{ vfB c;'/Iffsf] l:yltÆ elgG5 . bLw{sfnLg vfB c;'/Iff tyf s'kf]if0fn] ubf{ dlxnfsf] ue{ t'lxg', aRrfsf] zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s ljsf; gx'g', lzz' d[To'b/ a9L x'g', ljleGg /f]ux¿sf] cfqmd0f x'g' cflb nIf0f b]vf kb{5g\ .
· ;+o'Qm/fi6«'+3, vfB tyf s[lif ;+u7gsf cg';f/ dflg;x¿sf] b}lgs hLjgofkgsfnflu cfjZos kg]{ :j:Yos/ / kf}li6s cfxf/f k|ofKt dfqfdf pknAw x'g'nfO{ vfB;'/Iff elgG5 . ljZjdf sl/a *% s/f]8 dflg;x¿ ef]sd/Lsf] cj:yfdf / sl/a b'O{ ca{ dflg; ul/aLsf] sf/0f cw{ef]sd/Lsf] cj:yfdf afFrL/x]sf 5g\ .
· g]kfndf $@ k|ltzt dflg;x¿ ul/aLsf] cj:yfdf 5g\ / cw{ef]sd/Lsf] cj:yfdf afFrL/x]sf 5g\ . g]kfndf s]xL jif{otf cGg pTkfbg 3l6/x]sf] 5, ut jif{ cGgsf] s"n pTkfbg $ nfv *@ 6g ePsf]df cfjZostf rfxLF % nfv 6gsf] lyof] o;/L g]kfnsf] cfkm\gf] pTkfbgn] b]zsf] cGgsf] dfu wfGg] l:yltdf 5}g .
· vfBfGgsf] lx;fadf Pp6f jo:s g]kfnLnfO{ slDtdf jif{sf] @!) lsnf] vfBfGg rflxG5 t/ pknAw rflxF k|lt JolQm !*) lsnf] eGbf klg sd 5 . To:t} Pp6f cf};t g]kfnLnfO{ b}lgs @,@%^ Sofn/Lsf] cfjZostf kb{5 t/ pknAw rf+lxF !,*!% Sofn/L klg 5}g . ljsl;t b]z cd]l/sfdf Ps cf};t jo:snfO{ @,^^$ Sofn/L dfq cfjZos 5 t/ pknAw #,^@^ Sofn/L 5 . o;/L ljZjdf vfg} gkfP/ dg]{ / vfFbfvfFbf a9L eP/ dg]{sf] o:tf] vfN8f] emgemg km/flsnf] x'Fb} uO/x]5 .
· k|fo s] b]lvG5 eg]+ h'g;'s} ;/sf/ cfPklg pgLx¿sf] k|fyldstfdf wgL / zx/L hgtf x'G5g\ lsgls oLg} hgtfaf6 a9L k};f c;'Ng ;lsG5, oLg} hgtfsf] andf zfzg ug{ / zQf l6sfpg ;lsG5 . u|fdL0f tyf b'u{d If]qsf afl;Gbfx¿sf] k|efj ;/sf/ agfpg jf lu/fpgdf Tolt x'Gg . To;}n] u|fdL0f / ls;fgx¿sf] ;'gjfO{ s'g} ;/sf/n] klg u/]sf] b]lvGg . u|fdL0f, ljz]iftM b'u{d If]qsf hgtf hlxn] klg cf]em]ndf k/]sf x'G5g, cFWof/f]df yGSofOPsf x'G5g, ul/aL / ef]sd/Lsf] cj:yfdf afFRg afWokfl/Psf x'G5g\ .
· csf]{ s'/f s] eg]+ s[lifhGo j:t'sf] d"No k|foM :yL/ /flvG5 h;n] ubf{ ax';+ªVos ls;fgsf] cfly{s cj:yf ;'b[9 x'g kfpFb}g / lgjf{xd"ns hLjgz}nLd} afFlr/xg jfWo x'G5g\ ls;fgx¿ . pbfx/0fsf nflu b"wsf] d"No, wfg jf cGo afnLsf] d"Nosf] Oltxf; x]gf]{; t Û
· ul/aL / j]/f]huf/Ldf afFr]sf hgtfx¿nfO{ h], h;/L klg /fhgLlt1n] pkof]u ug{ kfpg] ePkl5 lsg ul/a / ul/aLsf] lgjf/0f ug]{ < To;}n] ;/sf/sf] d'vtfs]/ u|fdL0f ul/aL lgd{"n x'G5, ls;fgsf] p¢f/ x'G5 eGg] wf/0f Tolt k|efjsf/L xf]Og . cfkm\gf] ul/aL pGd'ng ug{ ls;fg cfkm}n] k|of; ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 . To;}n] s[ifsaGw' Û cfkm} zzSt aGg'xf];, cfkm\gf] nflu cfkm\} k|of; ug'{xf];, tkfO{sf] xf:6]df xfdL klg x}+;] ug{ tof/ 5f} .
· æs[lif klqsfæ sf] rf/} c+s xft k¥of], x]/]+, /fd|f] yfngL nfUof] . awfO{ 5 . s[lif ;DaGwL pGgt k|ljlw, s[lif ;"rgf tyf s[ifssf] xslxtsf] k}/jL ug{sf nflu s[lif klqsfsf] k|sfzg ;'? ul/Psf] ;¥xfgLo 5 . cGo ljifodf ljz]iftM /fhgLlts ;jfn ;DaGwL bh{gf}+ klqsf ahf/df 5\of:5\of:tL eO/x]sf] a]nf s[lif k|wfg b]zdf s[lif, kz', jg ;DaGwL hfgsf/Ld"ns Pp6} klqsf lyPg . o;df sf]xL cl3 g;/]sf]n] s[lif If]q pk]lIft eP h:tf] nfUYof] . ca s[lif klqsfn] Tof] cefj dxz"z x'g glbO{ kf7sx¿sf] dg lhTg ;sf];\ eGg] z'esfdgf lbg rfxG5' . of] klqsf cem /fd|f], j}1flgs, ;"rgfd"ns s;/L x'G5 / To;nfO{ ;fKtflxs ¿kdf k|sfzg u/L s;/L ufpF–ufpFdf k'¥ofpg ;lsG5, ;Dkfbs, k|sfzssf ;fy} xfdLn] klg ;f]Rg' kg]{ b]lvG5 . o;sf] nflu s[lifdf ;+nUg ;a}sf] ;fd"lxs k|of;sf] vfFrf] /x]sf] dxz"z u/]sf] 5' Æ 8f= 6+sk|;fb a/fsf]6L, jl/i7 j}1flgs, gfs{ .
· klqsf /fd|f] 5, t/ o;sf kf7sx¿ ls;fg x'g\ . lhNnf l:yt ;/sf/L tyf u}/ ;/sf/L lgsfox¿n] ul//x]sf sfo{qmdx¿÷k|ultx¿sf nflu Pp6f 5'§} :tDe /fv]df cem /fd|f] x'g] lyof] – 8f= gGb k|;fb >]i7, sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs, gfs{
· klqsfsf] :t/ s|dz j[l4 x'Fb} uPsf]df awfO{, o;nfO{ ljBfyL{sf] lxtdf klg s;/L cem k|efjsf/L agfpg ;lsG5 5nkmn u/f}+ –8f gj/fh b]jsf]6f, k|fWofks, s[kljc;, /fdk'/ .
- I got the oppurtunitiy to view your "Krishi Patrika" of (15-19 Jan, 2008) an the library of Forest Department, Babarmahal. I am happy to know that the newsletter will cover the issues related to agriculture, forestry, environment etc. I wish for grand success of this newsletter on comming days and also ready to contribute from my part- Keshab Raj Joshi, M.Sc. Environmental Science from TU, Email: keshabj@gmail.com,
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g]kfnsf] cfly{s cj:yf / s[lifsf] jt{dfg l:ylt
xfdL a'‰g] ePb]lvg} ;'lgcfPsf 5f}, g]kfn Ps s[lif k|wfg b]z xf] . s[lif If]qdf b]zsf] ^^ k|ltzt hgzlQm cf>Lt /x]sf] 5 / *$ k|ltzt hgtf u|fdL0f If]qdf a;f]jf; ub{5g\ . g]kfnsf] s"n If]qkmndWo] s]jn @! k|ltzt e"ld -nueu #! nfv x]S6/_ df v]tL ul/G5 . of] s[lifof]Uo If]q ljz]iftM t/fO{ If]qdf s]lGb|t /x]sf] 5 . t/fO{df b]zsf] s'n v]tLof]Uo e"ldsf] nueu %# k|ltzt If]q kfOG5 .
clxn];Dd xfd|f] b]zsf] s"n s[life"ldsf] nueu @* k|ltzt e"lddfdfq l;+rfO{sf] ;'ljwf pknAw 5 . Tof] klg ljz]if u/]/ t/fO{ If]qdf s]lGb|t 5 . g]kfndf k|lt ju{lsnf]ld6/ s[life"lddf hgwgTj *)) k'u]sf] cg'dfg 5 . k|lt JolQmdf kg{ cfpg] s[life"ld nueu )=@ x]S6/ dfq 5 . s[lif dflysf] of] pRr ef/ s[lifs} ljsf; sfo{df clt jfwsl;4 ePsf] 5 . s[life"lddf hgrfk 7"nf] ePsfn] v]tLof]Uo e"dL 6'lqm+b} uP/ ;fgf–;fgf ePsf 5g\ . g]kfndf s[lif e"ldsf] If]qLo ljt/0fdf klg 7"nf] c;dfgtf 5 . xfn g]kfndf s/La () k|ltzt e"lddf vfBfGg / !) k|ltzt e"lddf gub]jfnLdf nufOg] u/]sf] kfOG5 . s[lif If]qsf] jflif{s cf};t pTkfbg #=) k|ltztn] dfq a[l4 ePsf] b]lvG5 . g]kfndf s"n u|fx:y pTkfbgsf] #* k|ltzteGbf a9L efu s]jn s[lifaf6 g} k|fKt x'G5 . ljsl;t b]zx¿df u|fx{:y pTkfbgdf s[lif If]qsf] of]ubfg @–$ k|ltzt;Dd dfq 5 . g]kfndf pBf]u / ;]jf If]qsf] ljsf; gePsf] sf/0faf6 s"n pTkfbgdf oL If]qx¿sf] of]ubfg guGo g} 5 . s"n hg;+Vofsf] ** k|ltzt efu ufpFdf g} a:b5g\ / zx/df hg;+Vofsf] s]jn !@ k|ltzt dfq a;f]af; ug]{ x'gfn] cy{Joj:yf d'Vo ¿kn] u|fdL0f k|s[ltsf g} /x]sf] 5 .
Go"g pTkfbgn] ubf{ g]kfndf o; If]qdf nfu]sf dflg;x¿sf] cfo cTolws sd 5 . kmn:j?k o; k]zfdf nfu]sf dflg;x¿sf] hLjg:t/ cToGt} lrGtfhgs l:yltdf 5 . s"n ufx{:y pTkfbgsf] b[li6n] blIf0f PlzofnL /fi6«x¿ dWo] s[lifsf] c+z g]kfndf a9L 5 . s[lif pBf]ux¿sf] ca:yf lgs} bogLo 5 . hg;+Vof hlt a9] klg s[lifd} yf]kl/g] k/Dk/f 5 . s[ifsx¿n] cem} klg k/Dk/fjfbL v]tL k|0ffnL canDag ul//x]sfn] To;df ;+nUg hgtfn] pGglt ug{ ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ . g]kfndf r'/f]6, lrgL, ;g\kf6 h:tf dxTjk"0f{ pBf]unfO{ rflxg] sRrf kbfy{ klg s[lif If]qaf6 g} pknAw x'g] u/]sf] 5 . Tolt dfq xf]Og, b]zsf tdfd hgtf / kz'j:t'nfO{ rflxg] vfBj:t' klg s[lif If]qaf6 g} k|fKt x'g] ub{5 . oL ;a} sf/0fn] ubf{ s[lif g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;Dk"0f{ cy{Joj:yfsf] d]?b08 xf] .
s[lif e"lddf hgrfk 7"nf] x'gfn] v]tL of]Uo e"ldx¿ 6'lqm+b} uP/ ;fgf–;fgf ePsf 5g\ . s[lif If]qdf k|fljlws k5f}6]kg sfod /x]sf] 5 . oftfoft / ;~rf/sf] c;'ljwfn] ubf{ klg k|ljlw jf/]df hfu/0f Nofpg ;lsPsf] 5}g . To;dfly g]kfnL s[ifsx¿df Jofks c1fgtf / lg/If/tf sfod /x]sf] sf/0f pgLx¿åf/f k|ljlwdf ;'wf/ x'g ;Sg] cfzf ug{ ;ls+b}g . pGgt k|ljlwk|lt g]kfnL s[ifsx¿ sd ;+j]bgzLn /x]sf 5g\ . csf]{ s'/f s[lif If]qsf] pTkfbsTj lg/Gt/ 36\b} uO/x]sf] / s[lifdf nufgL a9fpFb} n}hfg' kg]{ afWotfn] ubf{ u|fdL0f hghLjg C0fu|:t eO/x]sf 5g\ . kxf8df a;f]af; ug]{ %) k|ltzteGbf a9L hg;+VofnfO{ cfkm"n] pTkfbg u/]sf] jfnLn] ^ dlxgf;Dd klg vfg k'Ub}g / lxdfnL If]qdf t emg} @) k|ltzt hg;+Vofn] dfq} cfkm\gf] pTkfbgn] vfg k'¥ofPsf] tYox¿ ;fj{hlgs ePsf 5g\ . g]kfndf s"n hg;+Vofsf] s/La $) k|ltzt hgtfx¿ Go"g Sofnf]/Lsf] lzsf/ ePsf] tYofÍn] b]vfPsf] 5 . To;df klg $& k|ltzt kxf8L If]qsf / #! k|ltzt lxdfnL If]qsf hgtf /x]sf 5g\ . ef}uf]lns cfwf/df ^@ k|ltzt s'kf]if0fsf lzsf/ ePsf afnaflnsfx¿ lxdfnL If]qdf a;f]af; ug]{ u/]sf] b]lvG5 . ljutdf vfBfGg lgof{t ug]{ g]kfn @)#* ;fnb]lv g} vfBfGg cfoft ug]{ b]zx¿sf] ;"rLdf k/]sf] 5 . g]kfnn] ;/b/ k|ltjif{ * s/f]8 d"No a/fa/sf] vfBfGg cfoft ul//x]sf] 5 . To;dWo] s/La ^) k|ltzt kxf8L If]qsf nflu vr{ x'g] u/]sf] 5 .
xfd|f] b]zsf] cy{Joj:yfdf s[lif If]qsf] dxTjk"0f{ :yfg ePtfklg cfsfz] e/sf] v]tL -jiff{ dflysf] lge{/tf_, l;r+fO{ ;''ljwfsf] sdL, afnL ;/'Iffsf] cefj, s[lif ;fdu|Lsf] cfk""lt{sf] ck|ofKttf, ls;fgx¿sf] k/Dk/fjfbL b[li6sf]0f, ljleGg ;/sf/L lgsfoaLr cfk;L ;dGjodf sdL, s[lifdf hg;+Vofsf] cToflws ef/, oftfoft, ;d'lrt ahf/Ls/0fsf] cefj, cToflws e"dL–ljefhg tyf cGo ;d:ofn] s[lif If]qsf] pTkfbg ;Gtf]ifhgs eO/x]sf] 5}g .
sl[[if Ifq]sf ;d:ofx¿sf] ;dfwfgsf nflu s[lif pTkfbgdf a[l4 Nofpg l;+rfO{sf] ;'ljwf, cfw'lgs s[lif cf}hf/x¿sf] k|of]u, pGgt jLp / dnsf] k|of]u, pTkflbt s[lif pkhsf] laqmLsf] nflu ahf/ / oftfoftsf] Joj:yf, pGgt s[lif k|ljlwsf] k|rf/–k|;f/, e08f/0fsf] plrt Joa:yf / s[lif lzIffsf] Joj:yf x'g' kb{5 . s[lif pTkfbgdf a[l4 gx'pGh]n;Dd b]z ljsf;sf] nflu rflxg] k"FhL lgdf{0f ug{ ;ls+b}g .
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