s[lif klqsf

n]f7;Nnf

jif{M ! c°M & s[lif klqsf -!– !% r}t, @)^$ ;fn (14-28 March, 2008) d"NoM Psk|lt ¿M !) -jflif{sM @$ cÍ ljz]iffÍ ;d]t ? @@%_

sf7df08f} lhNnf :t/Lo s[lif ljsf; of]hgf th'{df uf]i7L ;DkGg

–lx/fdl0f l;Dv8f, sf7df08f}

lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no, sf7df08f}sf] cfof]hgfdf oxL kmfu'g @@ ut] s[lif ljsf; of]hgf th'{df uf]i7L ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . uf]i7Ldf ljleGg s[lif ;]jf s]Gb|sf k|d'vx¿, s[ifs ;d"x  tyf ljleGg Jofj;flos ;+3÷;+:yfx¿sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . uf]i7Lsf ;xefuLx¿ ljleGg ^ ;d"x -df}/L, Rofp, kmnkm"n Joj;fo, vfBfGg, jLpljhg, t/sf/L k|fËufl/s v]tL_ df afFl8P/ cfufdL jif{sf nflu of]hgf th'{df u/]sf lyP . lgjf{xd"lv s[lifnfO{ Joj;fod"lv agfpFb} hfg] nIosf ;fy s[lif sfo{qmdsf] of]hgf agfOg] hfgsf/L lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{non] lbPsf] 5 . k

sfe]|df lhNnf :t/Lo s[lif d]nf ;DkGg

–ls/0f v/]n, sfe|]

ag]kf, lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no, sfe|]sf] cfof]hgfdf oxL kmfu'g @# ut] lhNnf :t/Lo s[lif d]nf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . d]nfdf lhNnfsf s[ifs, s[ifs ;d"x  tyf ljleGg s[lif Joj;fodf ;+nUg ;+:yfx¿åf/f pTkflbt s[lifhGo j:t'x¿sf] k|ltof]lutf u/fOPsf] lyof] . d]nfdf k|blz{t sd{ jª5' nfdfsf lsjL kmn, kmnkm"n l6Kg] emf]nf, afF;sf] e¥ofË, nId0f x'dfufO{sf] h}ljs df}/L, pGgt jLpljhg, ljleGg yl/sf t/sf/Lx¿, s[lifhGo cf}Bf]lus pTkfbg -Sof08L, h";, Rofp cflb_ cfsif{0fsf s]Gb| lyP . d]nfsf] ;dfkgdf pTs[i6 s[ifs÷;d"xx¿nfO{ k'/:s[t klg ul/Psf] lyof] . o:tf s[lif d]nfsf] cfof]hgfaf6 pGgt k|ljlwsf] k|rf/k|;f/ eO{ k|ljlw x:tfGt/0f tyf lj:tf/df ;3fp k'Ug] ljZjf; lnOPsf] 5 . k

 a+u'/df s[lqd uef{wfg sfo{qmd ;''? ul/g] 

–/fdk|;fb d]xtf, ;'g;/L

kz' ;]jf ljefun] a+u'/df s[lqd uef{wfg sfo{qmdsfnflu hgzlQm tof/ ug{]] p2]Zon] xfn} kz' ljsf; kmfd{ kf]v/fdf a+u'/kfngsf If]qsf !$ hjfg k|fljlwsx¿nfO{  a+u'/df s[lqd uef{wfg ;DjGwL tflnd lbOPsf] 5 .   a+u'/df s[lqd uef{wfg sfo{qmdn] xf8gftf k|hgg\ -Oglj|l8Ë_ x'gaf6 hf]ufpg] tyf /fd|f] gZnsf] efn] -jL/_sf] ljo{ k|of]u u/L ljleGg 7fpFdf ;xh¿kdf pGgt gZnsf a+u'/ pTKffbg ug{ ;lhnf] x'g] ePsf]n] of] sfo{qmd ;''? ug{ nfu]sf] hfgsf/L kz' ;]jf ljefun] lbPsf] 5 .   g]kfndf xfn;Dd ufO{e}+;Ldfdfq s[lqd uef{wfg sfo{qmd ;~rfng ePtfklg s]xL u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿ ;xof]udf a+u'/df klg k/lIf0fsf] ¿kdf s[lqd uef{wfg eO{ /x]sf] 5 .

      a+u'/df s[lqd uef{wfgsf] k|ljlw s]xL dxFuf] ePsf]n] ;xh ¿kdf s[ifsx¿sf] w/b}nf]df k'Ug g;ls/x]sf] cj:yfdf bIf hgzlQm tof/ ePkl5 o;n] Jofj;flos a+u'/kfns s[ifsx¿nfO{ ;xof]u k'Ug] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .  k
 

sf7df08f}df t/sf/L cfk"lQ{df pT;fxhgs<

s]xL lbg cl3;Dd b]zdf htftQ} sˆo'{, k]6«f]n, OGwgsf] ;+s6 /x]sf] lyof] / cem;Dd 5 klg . rfdn, bfn, cf}ifwL, df;', df5f ;a}sf] cefj ePsf] a]nfdf klg sf7df08f}sf] sflndf6Ldf t/sf/Lsf] cfk"lQ{ 36]g\ g t plQsf] efp g} a9]sf] kfOof] ckjfbsf nflu  ef/taf6 cfpg] u/]sf s]xL t/sf/L h:t} sfutL, kL/f] vf];f{gL jfx]s . t/sf/L kmnkm"n yf]s ahf/sf Jofj;flos ;+:yf sflndf6Lsf >L eujfg pk|]tLsf cg';f/ æsf7df08f} jl/kl/sf lhNnfx¿ h:t} wflbªaf6 sfFqmf] / xl/of] t/sf/L, lrtjgaf6 ufh/, d"nf, km;L{ / d6/sf];f lqz'nLaf6 cfn', nfnagbLaf6 6df6/ sf7df08f}df cfpg] ePsfn] t/sf/Lsf] cfk"lQ{ / efp :yL/ /xg uPsf] xf] . vf];f{gL / sfutL ef/taf6 cfpg sl7gfO{ ePsf]n] aLrdf s]xL efp a9]sf] klg lyof]Æ .

kmnkm"n tyf t/sf/Lsf] pTkfbg tyf pTkfbsTj a9fpg ahf/sf] Aoj:yf ug]{ p2]Zon] sflndf6L kmnkm"n tyf t/sf/L yf]s ahf/ ljsf; ;ldltsf] :yfkgf s[lif dGqfno cGt/ut ;g\ !(*& df ePsf] xf] . tbg';f/ o;nfO{ Ps :jfot\ lgsfosf] ¿kdf ljsf; ug{ ;g\ !((% km]a|'c/L !# df af]8{sf] ¿kdf kl/0ft ul/of] . o; ;ldltsf] Aoj:yfkgsf nflu s[lif ;x;lrjsf] cWoIftfdf Ps gf} ;b:oLo af]8{ klg u7g ul/Psf] 5 . sl/a $% /f]kgLdf km}lnPsf] o; ahf/df $%@ j6f Ohfht k|fKt t/sf/L tyf kmnkm"n Joj;foLx¿ 5g\ . oL dWo] @(^ 7"nf xf]n ;]n/x¿ x'g\ . clg sl/a #,))) cGo ;fgf v'b|] Jofkf/Lx¿ 5g\ . o; ;+:yfåf/f -sflndf6L, afnfh' / yfqm]_ tyf lghL -afg]Zj/, rfjlxn, nugv]n_ cflb u/]/ sf7df08f}df sl/a @) :yfgdf t/sf/L ahf/x¿ v'n]sf 5g\ .

æsflndf6L t/sf/L ahf/sf] kmf]x/ clxn] cf]v/kf}jfdf y'kfg{ nufOPsf] 5 t/ lbuf] ;dfwfgsf nflu sflndf6Laf6 lgisfzg x'g] kmf]x/sf] Joj:yfkgsf nflu afof]Uof; agfpg], sDkf]i6 agfpg] sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g] nIo /x]sf] 5 . hgr]tgfsf] cefj tyf ul/aL d'Vo sf/0f ePsf]n] sflndf6Ldf kmflnPsf] kmf]x/ t/sf/L ;Íng ug]{, k'gM k|of]u ug]{ sfd /f]Sg ;lsPsf] 5}g . . ufpF3/sf t/sf/L pTkfbg ug]{ ls;fgx¿nfO{ ahf/sf] ;'ne Joj:yf u/]/ hLjg:t/ psf:g] tyf zx/L If]qsf t/sf/L pkef]Qmfx¿nfO{ :jYo, tfhf t/sf/L ;/n / ;'ne ¿kdf pknAw u/fpg] p2]Zon] o; ;+:yfn] sfd ul//x]sf] 5Æ .

sflndf6L t/sf/L ahf/df sl/a ;o y/Lsf t/sf/L tyfkmnkm"nsf] sf/f]af/ x'g] u/]sf] / ut @)^# ;fndf sl/a ! nfv *% xhf/ 6g t/sf/L, kmnkm"n, df5f tyf cGo s[lifhGo j:t' v/LblaqmL ePsf] tYo ;ldltn] hfgsf/L u/fPsf] 5 . sf7df08f}sf] sflndf6Laf6 dfq b}lgs kfFr;o 6g ljleGg k|sf/sf t/sf/L tyf kmnkm"nx¿ vl/blaqmL ul/G5g\ -cfkm\g} af/Ldf pAhfP/ vkt ul/g] t/sf/L jfx]s_ . 6df6/dfq b}lgs %,%)) –^,))) qm]6 -!@%–!#) 6g_  sflndf6Ldf laqmL x'g] ub{5 .

sflndf6L t/sf/L ahf/df ef/t, ltAat nufot g]kfnsf aLz eGbf a9L lhNnfx¿af6 t/sf/L cfpF5g\ . sflndf6Ldf t/sf/L Nofpg] d'Vo lhNnfx¿df wflbªaf6 sl/a @) k|ltzt / sfe|]af6 sl/a !* k|ltzt tyf afFls cGo lhNnfx¿sf] 5 . s[ifs ;'wf/ kmnkm"n tyf t/sf/L pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+:yf r/f}+bL, wflbªsf cWoIf >L x]dgfy yklnof eGg'x'G5 æwflbªsf] gf}ljz], wfs]{, r/f}bL nufot /fhdfu{ 5]p5fpsf k|foM ;a} uflj;x¿df t/sf/L v]tL ul/G5g\ . o; If]qsf klxnf Jofj;flos t/sf/L s[ifs >L hLt axfb'/ a:g]t x'g'x'G5 . xfdLn] t @)$$ ;fnlt/dfq t/sf/L v]tL ;'? u/]sf xf}+ / xfn xfd|f] ;+:yfdf *&) hgf s[ifs z]o/ ;b:ox¿ 5g\ Æ .

 t/sf/L pTkfbgsf] If]qdf sf7df08f} nufot l5d]sL lhNnfx¿n] h'g pT;fx b]vfPsf 5g\, g]kfnn] gzfn' j:t' -r'/f]6, ljo/, /S;L cflb_ jfx]s klg s[lifIf]qsf] t/sf/Ldf klg cfTdlge/ x'g;S5 eGg] h'g pbfx/0f b]vfPsf 5g\, Tof] g]kfnsfnflu Ps cg's0fL{o sfd xf] . g]kfnsf ;a} zx/, ;a} ;b/d'sfdnfO{ s]Gb|ljGb' agfP/ Jofj;flos t/sf/L v]tLsf] ljsf; ul/g' kb{5 tyf s[lifsf cGo If]qx¿ h:t} df5f, v;L÷/fFufsf] df;',  vfBfGgdf klg o;/L g} pbfx/0fLo  sfd ug]{ jftfj/0f agfpg] tyf ;|f]t, ;fwg h'6fpg ;s]dfdfq gofF g]kfn agfpg] ;kgf ;fsf/ x'g ;S5 . k

l5d]sL b]zsf] s[lifM

ef/tsf] jh]6df ls;fgsf nflu 7"nf] /fxt t/ g]kfnsf nflu cem cK7]/f]  

xfn} ef/t ;/sf/n] ;g\ @))*÷)( sf] nflu jflif{s j[l4b/ ( k|ltzt xflzn ug]{ nIosf;fy  s[lif If]qdf s'n ah]6sf] !^ k|ltzt /sd 5'6ØfPsf] 5 . ef/tdf s[lif If]qsf] of]ubfg sl/a @% k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 / sl/a &% k|ltzt hgtf s[lif If]qdf cfl>t /x]sf 5g\ .  ut jif{ ef/tsf] cf};t j[l4b/ sl/a * k|ltzt /x]sf]df s[lifIf]qsf] cf};t j[l4 @=^ k|ltztdfq /x]sf] lyof] . o; jif{ s[lifIf]qsf] j[l4b/ $ k|ltzt k'¥ofO{ vfBfGgdf cfTdlge{/ x'g] nIo ef/tn] lnPsf] 5 . ut jif{ ef/tdf sl/a Psnfv %) xhf/ s[ifsn] C0f ltg{ g;s]/ cfTdxTof u/]sf lyP . ;g\ @))& s]f cGt;Dddf u|fdL0f a}saf6 C0f ltg{ aSof}tf /x]sf ;fgf ls;fgx¿sf] g]= ? (^) va{ a/fa/ C0f ldgfxf ug]{, s[ifsx¿nfO{  ;'ne ¿kdf s[lif C0f, s[lif ladf, l;+rfO{sf] yk ;'ljwf k|bfg ug]{ of]hgf cl3 ;f/]sf] 5 . s]xL jif{ cl3;Dd g]kfnaf6 vfBfGg cfoft ug]{ ef/t clxn] ljZjdf pRr cfly{s j[l4b/ ug]{ /fi6«df kb{5 .

To:t} csf]{ l5d]sL b]z rLg ljZjdf hg, wg, zlQm ;DkGg cu|0fL /fi6« ePsf] 5 . ljZj hg;ªVofsf] @! k|ltzt t/ s[lifof]Uo hUufsf] !) k|ltzt dfq e"efu ePsf] /fi6« rLgn] cfkm\gf] cfjZostfsf] (% k|ltzt vfBfGg cfkm} pTkfbg ug]{ nIo lnPsf] 5 . t/ ef/t / rLgsf] aLrdf /x]sf] ;fgf], ;'Gb/, k|s[lts ;|f]t ;fwgn] ;DkGg xfd|f] b]z g]kfn ;a} b[li6sf]0fn] cf]X|fnf] nfu]sf] 5 .  ls;fgx¿sf] cfly{s:t/ b}gLo 5 , g]kfnsf] cy{tGq emg emg tn efl:;b} cw{ef]sd/L u|:t /fi6« aGg k'u]sf] 5  .

l5d]sL b]zsf ls;fgx¿n] kfPsf] ;x'lnot tyf /fxt sfo{qmdaf6 ef/tdf s[lifsf] pTkfbg nfut sd x'g] ePsf]n] ;:tf] b/sf] vfBfGg g]kfndf leqLOg] ;+efjgf cem a9]s] 5 eg]+ g]kfnL ls;fgsf nflu cGt/fli6«o Jofkf/df s[lif pkhdf k|lt:kwf{ ug{ cem s7Lg x''g hfg] lglZrt 5 .  k

a8{k\mNo' ;DjGwL uf]i7L tyf tflnd

sf7df08f}, lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nosf] cfof]hgfdf xfn} lhNnfsf u|fdL0f If]qdf sfo{/t u|fdL0f kz' ;]jf sfo{sQf{ -u|fk;]sf_ x¿nfO{ ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u7g -WTO_ df g]kfnsf] k|j]z kl5sf r'gf}tLx¿sf] ;fdgf ug{] ljifodf / l;dfljxLg kz' /f]ux¿jf/]df hfgsf/L cfbfgk|bfg ul/of] . To;} l;nl;ndf,  k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L, sf7df08f}sf] cWoIftfdf sf7df08f} lhNnfsf ljleGg sfof{nosf sfof{no k|d'v tyf cGo sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ g]kfnsfnflu vt/fsf] ;"lrdf /x]sf] a8{k\mNo' /f]ujf/] tYok/s hfgsf/Ld"ns uf]i7Lsf] cfof]hgf klg ul/Psf] lyof] . ;fy}, o"lg;]km, ;]G6/ km/ Go'lSno/ 8fogflds / a8{km\No' cfof]hgfsf] ;xeflutfdf kz' ;]jf s]Gb| tyf e]6]l/g/L ;]G6/sf $) hgf k|fljlwsx¿nfO{ a8{k\mNo' ;DjGwL tflnd -TOT_ sf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] hfgsf/L lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no, sf7df08f}af6 k|fKt ePsf] 5 . k

jif{M ! cÍM &     s[lif klqsf   ! - !% r}t, @)^$            k[i6 @ u|fdL0f ÷s[lifcy{÷hLljsf

s[lif lrGtg ======

cGwsf/do b]zsf] -s'_k|efj dlxnf / jftfj/0fdf====

·       b]z cGwsf/do 5 . b}lgs Ps rf}yfO{ lx:;f nf]8 ;]l8Ë ul/G5 . oL x/km n]Vbfn]Vb} klg ljB't s6f}tL ePsf] lyof] . xf]Og\, g]kfn hn ljB'tdf ;+;f/s} bf];|f] wgL b]z eg]sf] xf]Og / < cfhsf] of] PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLdf, Tof] klg b]zsf] /fhwfgL, clg hn ljB'tsf] vfgL, b]zdf  b}lgs *–* 3G6fsf] nf]8;]l8Ë < s] xfdL cFWof/f]df a:g ¿rfpg] hLj xf}+< s] xfdLnfO{ pHofnf] dg kg{ 5fl8;Sof]< s] xfdL cFWof/f]lt/ nDsb}+5f}+ < of] cGwsf/ sxfF;Dd km}ln/x]sf] 5< o;sf] l;df sxfF;Dd / slxn] ;Ddsf] nflu <

·       g]kfndf xfn vfg ksfpg] k|of]hgsfnflu ljleGg OGwgsf ;|f]tx¿ dWo] bfp/f ^%=%( k|ltzt, dl§n]n !#=%# k|ltzt, u'OF7f (=(^ k|ltzt, Pn=lk Uof; &=^& k|ltzt, afof]Uof; !=^^ / afFls cGo k|of]udf 5g\ . o;/L s[lifhGo OGwg -bfp/f, u'O{F7f_ &(=^# k|ltzt / Jofkf/L phf{ -k]6«f]n, l8h]n, dl§t]n, Uof; / ljB't_ !(=*( / afFls afof]Uof;, ;f]nf/ cflbaf6 )=$( k|ltzt cfk'lt{  x'g] u/]sf] b]lvG5 .

·       OGwgsf] ¿kdf bfp/fsf] Jofks k|of]un] ubf{ Psflt/ jg ljgf;sf] qmd ltj| ePsf] 5 eg]+ w'Fjfsf] sf/0f ljleGg /f]ux¿n] ubf{ dflg; ljz]iftM dlxnfdf o;sf] c;/ 3fts ¿kdf x'g] u/]sf] 5 . vfgf ksfpgsfnflu k|of]u x'g] bfp/f, u'FO{7f afNbf sfa{g8fOcS;fO8 sfa{gdf]gf]cS;fO8, gfO6«;cS;fO8, ;Nkm/– 8fOcS;fO8 h:tf xfgLsf/s Uof;x¿ lg:sG5g\ . o:tf ljiffQm Uof;x¿ 3/leq w]/}a]/;Dd /xg] x'Fbf 3/leqsf] k|b'if0f aflx/ eGbf !!) u'gf a9L x'G5 / bd, vf]sL, lgdf]lgof, df]tLlaGb', Ifo/f]usf ;fy} d'6' ;DjGwL 3fts /f]u nfUg] ;Defjgf a9L x'g] ub{5 . 3/df tyf efG;fdf dlxnfx¿ w]/}j]/ a:g] x'Fbf dlxnfx¿ g} a9L k|efljt xg] ub{5g\ .

·       jg ljgf;sf] sf/0f e"Ifo, df6f]sf] pj{/fzlQmdf qmlds X|f;, kfgLsf] d'xfg ;'Sg], / hLjhGt'sf] af;:yfgdf cltqmd0f cflb jftfj/0fLo ;d:ofn] ubf{ dfgj cl:tTj ;d]t vt/fdf k/]sf] 5 .

·       ljb]zaf6 dxFuf] k]6«f]lnod kbfy{ cfoft ubf{ g]kfnn] yk cfly{s ef/ Joxf]g'{ k/]sf] 5  eg] csf]{tkm{ jg ljgf;, e"Ifo tyf k|fs[lts k|sf]kx¿af6 qf0f kfpg klg xl/t phf{ tyf gjLs/0fLo j}slNks phf{sf] ljsf;df hf]8 lbg' k/]sf] 5 .  clxn] kxf8df @=& / t/fO{df )=@& k|ltztsf] b/n] jg ljgf; eO/x]sf] 5 .

·       afof]Uof;, ;'wfl/Psf] r'Nxf], la|s]6sf] k|of]udf la:tf/ ug{ ;s]df j}slNks phf{ k|jw{gdf dxTjk"0f{ pknAwL xfl;n x'g ;Sg] ;Defjgf /x]sf] 5 . g]kfndf !% nfv uf]a/Uof; KnfG6 :yfkgf ug{;lsg] lj1x¿sf] wf/0ff /x]sf] 5 . xfn g]kfndf ! nfv ^) xhf/= dfq afof] Uof; KnfG6sf] :yfkgf ul/Psf] 5 . To:t} g]kfndf ;f}o{ phf{ / jfo' phf{sf] k|z:t ;+efjgf /x]sf] 5 .

·       elgG5, g]kfndf *# xhf/ d]ufjf6 hnljB't pTkfbgsf] ;Defjgf /x]sf] 5 . t/ xfn ^)) d]ufjf6 klg lah'nL lgsflnPsf] 5}g . tLg rf}yfO{ hgtf ljB't ;]jfaf6 a+lrt 5g\ . b}lgs *^ nfv o'lg6 ljB't dfu /x]sf]df dfq &# nfv o'lg6dfq pTkfbg x'g] u/]sf] 5 . clg cfh b]z km]/L, 6'sL, nfnl6g, d}gaQL afNg] cj:yfdf k'u]sf] 5 . clg vfgf ksfpg] OGwg / dl§t]nsf] cefjdf  sf7df08f}df ;d]t vfgf ksfpg bfp/fsf] k|of]u x'g nfu]sf] 5, sf6'{gsf] sfut afNg yflnPsf] Tof] klg gkfP/ dflg;x¿ r'Nxf] g} afnL ef]sef]s} a:g afWo ePsf 5g\ .

·       xfnsf] nf]8 ;]l8Ë, OGwgsf] cefj, bfp/f km\oflsPsf] sfuh afn]/ vfgf ksfpg] afWotfsf] k|ToIf k|efj b]zsf ;Dk"0f{ jftfj/0fdf / 3/sf u[x0fLx¿n] ef]Ug' k/]sf] 5 . / of] cj:yf cfpFbf] bz jif{df klg o:t} ;/sf/L /j}of/x]df ;dfwfg x'g] 5fF6 5}g\ .

·       ljZjdf hn;|f]t tyf h}ljs ljljwtfsf] wgLb]zdf cfhsf] ljB't s6f}tLn] g]kfnsf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs, jftfj/0fLo ;Dk"0f{ If]qnfO{ bL3{sflng ¿kdf gsf/fTds k|efj kfl//x]sf] 5 . Tolta]nf lgSs} 9Lnf eO;Sg] ePsf] x'Fbf cfh} ;r]t x'g' clt cfjZos 5 . k

s[lif ahf/ k|jw{gdf s[lif ;"rgf tyf u|fdL0f o'jfsf] e"ldsf

–lji0f' bQ cj:yL, jl/i7 s[lif cy{ lj1, s[lif tyf ;xsf/L dGqfno Email: awasthibd@gmail.com

u|fdL0f If]qdf j]/f]huf/ /x]sf o'jfx¿nfO{ cfw'lds s[lif tslgsl, ahf/ ;"rgf joj:yfkg h:tf tflnd lbO{ ;dodf g} s[lif Joj;fotkm{ pGd'v u/fO{ oL o'jfx¿sf] ljb]zLg] qmdnfO{ ;/sf/n] ;dodf g} /f]sg ;s]df Psftkm{ s[lifsf] pTkfbgdf j[l4eO{ jQ{dfg vfBfGg ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg x'g] 5 eg]+ csf]{ tkm{ s[lifdf cfwfl/t g]kfnsf] cy{tGqdf klg o;n] 7"nf] 6]jf k'¥ofpg] 5 .

;fwf/0f cy{df s[lif ahf/sf] cy{ s[ifsåf/f pTkflbt afnL j:t'x¿nfO{ clGtd pkef]Qmf;Dd  k'¥ofpg] k|s[of nufot s[lif j:t'sf] a]rljvg x'g] 7fp‘nfO{ s[lif jhf/ elgG5, s[lif ahf/ ljgfsf] s[lif pTkfbg lgjf{xd'vL dfq x'g] ePsfn] hj;Dd lgjf{xd'vL s[lif k|0ffnLnfO{ Jofj;flos s[lif k|0ffnLdf kl/0ft ug{ ;ls+b}g ta;Dd s[lif If]qn] b]zsf] cy{tGqdf 6]jf k'¥ofpg ;Sb}g . cfh g]kfn ljZjJofkf/ ;+u7gsf] ;d]t ;b:o eO{ ;s]sfn] s[lif k]zfnfO{ Jofj;flos/0f u/L o;af6 g]kfnn] kmfObf lng ;Sg] y'k|} cj;/x¿ k|fKt ePsf 5g\, o;sf] nfuL pRrd"No Pj+ sd jhg ePsf jfnL÷j:t'x¿sf] Jofj;flos pTkfbg u/L o;sf] jhf/ kx'Fr tk{m ;dodfg} cfjzos kxn ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 . g]kfn ;/sf/n] cf7f}+ k~rjifL{o of]hgf sfnb]lv g} s[lif Jofj;flos/0f ug{df ljz]if hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . o;sf] nflu s[lif ahf/ ;"rgf k|jfx ug{ lzlIft tyf cw{lzlIft u|fdL0f o'jfsf] cxd\ e"ldsf /xg] x'‘bf o; tkm{ ljz]if Wofg lbg' h?/L x'g hfG5,  s[lif j:t'sf] pTkfbg j[l4eGbf klg o;sf] ljt/0f k|0ffnLdf b]lvPsf] ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg oL o'jflk+9Ljf6 ;lhn} ug{ ;lsG5 .

Jofj;flos s[lif j:t'sf] pTkfbg ug'{ eGbf k""j{ s[ifsnfO{ ahf/ ;"rgfsf] /fd|f] 1fg x'g' lgtfGt cfjZos x'g hfG5, ;j{k|yd ahf/df s[lif jfnL j:t'sf], s] s:tf] slt kl/df0f / s:tf] u'0f:t/sf] cfjZostf 5 < o;sf] nfuL pTkfbg ;fdu|L sxf‘ pknAw x'g ;S5 < pTkfbg ;du|L dn, aLp cflbsf] d"No slt k5{ < ;:tf] ;'ky d"Nodf u'0f :t/Lo ;fdfg sxf‘ kfOG5 < pTkfbgf]k/fGt ahf/;Dd ;fdfg 9'jfgL s;/L ug]{ < oftfoftsf] s:tf] ;fwg k|of]u ug]{ < ;fdfgsf] u|]l88 Kofs]]lh8 s;/L ug]{ < s'g ahf/df s;nfO{ cfkm\gf] ;fdfg s] slt d"Nodf a]Rg] < j:t''sf] pTkfbg ;fdu|Lb]vL pTkflbt j:t'sf] ahf/ efp dfusf] kl/df0f u'0f:t/ cflb ;Dk"0f{ ljifoj:t'sf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ug]{ k|s[ofnfO{g} ahf/ ;"rgf k|0ffnL -dfs]{6 OGkm/d]zg l;i6d_ elgG5 .  s'g} klg b]zdf jhf/ ;"rgf k|f0ffnLsf] ljsf; hlt /fd|f] t/Lsfn] ePsf] x'G5 ToxfFsf] pTkfbgdf lg/Gt/tf x'g'sf ;fy} pTkfbs Pj+ pkef]tmf b'j} ju{n] /fd|f] kmfobf lnPsf x'G5g\ . o; lsl;dsf] ;"rgf k|jfx ug{ ljleGg ldl8of -/]l8of], l6eL, klqsf_ nufot o'jfhgzlQmsf] kl/rfng /fd|f] dfWod x'g;Sg] s'/fdf b'O{dt x'g;Sb}g .

;+:yfut¿kdf xfn g]kfndf s[lif j:t'sf] dfu / cfk"lt{ ;DjGwdf geP/ dfq s[lif jhf/ d"No ;"rgf ljt/0f ug]{ sfo{df s[lif ljefu, s[lif jhf/ ljsf; lgb]{zgfno, sflndf6L kmnk"mn tyf t/sf/L jhf/ ljsf; ;ldlt, g]kfn /fi6« j}+s, 6«]8 k|df]zg ;]G6/ s[lif pBd s]Gb|, g]kfn vfB ;:yfg cflb h:tf ;/sf/L Pj+ u}X ;/sf/L lgsfox¿ /x]sf 5g . oL lgsfox¿n] jf:tljs s[lif j:t'sf] dfu / cfk"lt{ ;DjGwL oy]i6 hfgsf/L pTkfbs ju{nfO{ lbg ;s]sf 5}|gg\ . g]kfndf vfBGgsf] jt{dfg l:ylt lgof{tof]Uo gePsfn] Jofj;flos ¿kdf oL s[lif hGo j:t'x¿sf] pTkfbgdf ;/sf/n] ljz]if hf]8 lbPsf] b]lvb}g . t/ pRr d"Nosf / t'ngfTds ?kdf nfek|b jfnL÷j:t'sf] pTkfbgdf cf7f} k~rjlif{o of]hgf sfnb]vL g} ;sf/n] ljz]if hf]8 lbb} cfPsf] ePtfklg cfzf u/]cg';f/ pknJwL xfl;n x'g ;s]sf] 5}g, o;sf] k|d'v sf/0f s[lif jhf/ ;"rgfsf] oy]i6 pknJwtf gx'g'g} k|d'v sf/0f /x]sf] kfOG5 . pRr d"No / sd jhgsf tyf t'ngfTds ¿kdf j9L nfek|b  jfnL÷j:t'x¿ vf;u/L df};dL tyf j]df};dL t/sf/L, t/sf/Lsf] jLp÷ljhg, kmnk"mn df}/L kfng, /]zd v]tLnfO{ lnPsf] kfOG5, oBlk jt{dfg cj:yfdf oL j:t'x¿sf] dfu cfk"lt{ ;DjGwdf jhf/ ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] s'g} ljsf; x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . t}klg kmnk"mn Pj+d\ t/sf/Lsf] sflndf6L jhf/sf] yf]s -laqmL d"No_ sf] ;"rgf k|To]s ;+fem ^=@% df /]l8of] g]kfnjf6 k|;f/0f ul/g] sfo{qmd ljut jif{x¿ b]lvg} ;~rfng eO{ /x]sf] 5 .

b]zsf] ef}uf]lns ljjwtfn] ubf{ g]kfndf jif{e/Lg} ljleGg lsl;dsf pRr d"Nosf jfnL j:t'x¿sf] pTkfbg ;lhn} l;t ug{ ;lsPtf klg  ljt/0fsf] ;d:ofn] ubf{ pRrtd d"No kfOg] / cToflws dfu ePsf 7fpFx¿df jfnL÷j:t'sf] pTkfbg x'g] If]qjf6 jhf/ ;Dd k7fpg ;lsb}g, pbfx/0fsf] nflu h'Dnf, d":ofËsf] :ofp, ;Nofgsf] t/sf/L ;'b'/ klZrdsf] df};d, sfutL, l;Gw'nLsf] h'gf/ h:tf kmnk"mn Pj+ t/sf/LnfO{ sf7df08f}+ nufot cGo 7"nf zx/x¿ hxfF cToflws dfu 5 tL 7fpFx¿df k'¥ofpg kfP pTkfbs Pj+ pkef]tmfn] a9L ;] a9L kmfobf lng ;Sg] s'/fdf b'O{dt 5}g, cfh ;/sf/L :t/jf6 b]zsf s]xL 7fpFx¿df yf]s, v'b|f Pj+ ;+sng s]Gb| h:tf jhf/sf k"jf{wf/x¿ lgdf{0f ePsf 5g\, t/ plrt jhf/ Joj:yfkgsf] sdLn] ubf{ ;j} 7fpFsf k"jf{wfx¿ /fd|/L ;~rfngdf cfpg ;s]sf 5}gg\ ;/sf/L lgsfon] dfq of] ;j Joj:yf ug{ ;Dej gx'g] x'bFf u|fdL0f If]qdf xfn j]/f]huf/ /x]sf lzlIft Pj+ c4{ lzlIft o'jfx¿nfO{ kl/rfng u/]df o:n] s[ifsx¿sf] cfly{s l:ylt psf:gdf 7"nf] d2t k'¥ofpgsf ;fy} pRr d"Nosf jfnL÷j:t'sf] pTkfbg Pj+ jhf/ Joj:yfsf] ljsf; u/L s[lif If]qdf lge{/ b]zsf] cy{tGqdf 6]jf k'¥ofO{ j]/f]huf/Lsf] df/n] u|fdL0f If]qsf o'jfx¿sf] ljb]lzg] qmdnfO{ sd u/L u|fld0f If]qsf] ljBdfg j]/f]huf/Lsf] ;d:of ;d]tnfO{ s]xL xb ;Dd ;dfwfg ug{ o;n] d2t k'¥ofpg]5 .

cfh b]zsf] ;fd" j]/f]huf/ o'jfx¿sf] /f]huf/Ls]f ;d:of Ps 68\sf/f]sf] ¿kdf b]lvPsf] s'/fnfO{ dgg u/L g]kfn ;/sf/ s[lif tyf ;xsf/L dGqfnon] s[lifdf cfwfl/t ljleGg Joj;fodf u|fdL0f o'jfx¿nfO{ ;+nUg u/fO{ ljBdfg u|fdL0f o'jfx¿sf] j]/f]huf/Lsf] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug]{ pB]Zon] sfo{qmd tof/ ug{ lqjifL{{o of]hgf Pj+ jflif{s sfo{qmddf ;d]t pNn]v ul/Psf]5, ctM k|To]s lhNnfn] cfkm\gf] lhNnfsf] Jofj;flos pTkfbgnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL o'jfx¿sf] ;+nUgtf Pj+ /f]huf/L k|fKt x'g ;Sg] sfo{s|d Pj+ df]8lnË ;d]t tof/ ug'{ kg]{ b]lvG5 . k

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     hg;ªVof 36\g]jfnf 5}g / v]tLug]{ hldg a9g]jfnf 5}g, t;y{ a9\bf] hg;ªVofnfO{ 36\bf] v]tLug]{ hldgaf6 v'jfpgsf] nflu ds}sf] k|lt x]S6/ k|ltlbgsf] pTkfbsTj a9fpg' k¥of], rfF8f]kfSg] hftsf] ljsf; u/L afnLsf] ;3gtf a9fpg] / b'a} a9fpg ;s] cem ;'gdf ;'uGw yk] h:tf] x'G5 .

     /fli6«o:t/df wfgkl5sf] bf];|f] / kxf8L e]ssf] nflu k|yd k|d'v vfBfGg afnL ds}sf] pTkfbg cfly{s jif{ @)^$.@)^% df utjif{sf] !* nfv @) xhf/ d]l6«s 6gdf sl/a # k|ltztn] j[l4 cfO{ !* nfv &* xhf/ d]l6«s 6g x'g] k|f/lDes cg'dfg /x]sf] 5 . o; jif{ ds}afnLsf] If]qkmndf ;fdfGo sdL cfPsf] 5 eg] pTkfbssTjdf sl/a # k|ltztn] j[l4 eO{ If]qkmn * nfv &) xhf/ x]S6/ tyf pTkfbsTj @ xhf/ ! ;o %( lsnf]u|fd k|lt x]S6/ x'g] k|f/lDes cg'dfg 5 . o;jif{ k|z:t jiff{n] ubf{ t/fO{df ds} lau|]sf] ePtfklg ;f] If]qdf ds} nufpg] If]qkmn g} sd ePsf] / kxf8 tyf lxdfnL If]qdf 8'afgsf] c;/ gk/]sf] tyf a]df};dL Pj+ j;Gt] ds}sf] If]qkmn ;d]t a9]sf] sf/0f ;du| ds}sf] pTkfbgdf ;fdfGo j[l4 ePsf]] 5 . o;jif{ xfl;n ePsf] ds}sf] pTkfbsTj / pTkfbg b'a} g]kfndf ds}sf] Oltxf;dfg} ;a}eGbf a9L /]s8{ ul/Psf] xf] . g]kfndf wfg, ds}, ux+'F, sf]bf] / hf}nfO{ k|d'v vfBfGgafnLsf] ¿kdf lng] ul/Psf] 5 . o;dWo] klg wfg, ds} / ux+'FafnL sl/a #! Nffv x]S6/df v]tLug]{ ul/G5 . tLg jifL{o cGtl/d of]hgf cg';f/ cfwf/ jif{ @)^#.@)^$ df &# nfv @( xhf/ d]l6s 6g /x]sf] vfBfGg:t/nfO{ cGtl/d of]hgfsf] clGtd jif{sf]:t/ && nfv &* xhf/ k'¥ofpg] nIo ls6fg ul/Psf] 5 .

     xfn;Dd g]kfndf ljut $! jif{sf] cjlwdf ds}afnLsf] !( j6f ljleGg hftx¿ pGdf]rg eO;s]sf] tYo g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\ -gfs{_ af6 k|sflzt k'l:tsfaf6 yfxfx'g cfPsf] 5 . w]/} ds}sf] hftx¿ pGdf]rg x'g] qmddf klg /x]sf 5g\ . ds}vfFbfg} a9L k|f]l6g kfOg] (Quality Protein Maize, QPM) ;]tf] / kx]+nf] b'a} /Ëx'g] ds}sf] hftx¿ s]xL ;dodfg} pGdf]rg u/fpg] gfs{sf] of]hgf /x]sf] 5 . of] k|f]l6g w]/}x'g] ds} a+u'/nfO{ v'jfpFbf pT;fxhgs 9Fun] jhg a9g uPsf] cg';Gwfgaf6 b]lvPsf] klg 5 . gfs{sf] s[lif O{lGhlgol/Ë dxfzfvfn] ds} 5f]8fpg] d]lzgsf] klg ljsf; u/]sf] 5 . HofdLsf] ;d:of sdug{ ca 5gf}6 ul/Psf s]xL s[lif oflGqs/0f tkm{klg nfUg' h?/L eO;s]sf] 5 . c?0f @ hft t t/fO{df *) b]lv () lbgleq} kfSb5 h;n] ubf{ k|ltjif{ a9L afnLlnO{ afnLsf] ;3gtf a9fpg ;lsG5 . o:tf rfF8}kfSg] ljsf;] hftx¿n] ubf{ xfn jif}{e/L xl/of] ds} kf]n]/ laqmLul//x]sf] b]Vg ;lsPsf] xf] . xl/of]ds} kf]n]/ a]rL cfocfh{g ug{'sf] ;fy} /fd|/L hLljsf]kfh{g rnfpg ;lsG5 . ds}afnL leq 6df6/, cb'jf h:tf leqLafnL nufP/ klg cfDbfgL a9fpg ;lsG5 . ds} efFr]kl5 9f]8nfO{ 6df6/sf] nflu yfFqmfsf] ¿kdf k|of]uug{ ;lsG5 . vfBfGgsf] ;fy} xfn cfP/ ufO{, s'v'/fsf] bfgfdf k|of]uug{ klg ds}sf] lrtjg h:tf] lhNnfdf k|z:t dfu a9]/ uPsf] 5 . laz]if u/L t/fO{df j0f{z+s/ ds}sf] hft km}nfP/ pTkfbg a9fpg ;lsG5 . xfncfP/ ljsl;t b]zx¿df ds}nfO{ h}ljs OGwg (Bio-diesel) sf] ¿kdf k|of]uug]{ ul/Psf]n] laut @% jif{df ;+;f/sf] vfBfGg e08f/ ;a}eGbf sd cyjf !$# ldlnog 6g dfq /x]sf] atfOPsf] 5 . zx/Ls/0f, afnLljljwtf / xfjfkfgL kl/jt{g (Climate change) n] ubf{klg vfBfGg pTkfbgdf gsf/fTds c;/ kl//x]sf] 5 . ;+;f/e/ ck'u vfBfGg pTkfbgn] ubf{g} efp cSsfl;P/ uPsf] 5 . g]kfndf cfly{s jif{ @)^@.@)^# / @)^#.@)^$ sf] k|sflzt tYofÍ cg';f/ qmdz @@ xhf/ /  ! nfv *) xhf/ d]l6«s 6g pkef]Uo vfBfGg Go"g /x]sf] yfxfx'g cfPsf] 5 . ef/t ;/sf/n] ut jif{ ux+'+ / o;jif{ df]6f] wfg, rfdn lgof{t ug{ /f]s nufPsf] 5 . To;}n] g]kfnn] /fli6«o vfB;'/Iff ldzg (National Food Security Mission) h:tf] :ynut Aofjxfl/s sfo{qmd 3f]if0ff u/L  vfBfGgdf cfTdlge{/ x'g] sfo{qmd t'?Gt nfu' ug'{kg]{ b]Vb5' . gqeg] vfBfGgsf] cefjn] ubf{ ulDe/ ;d:of cfOkg{ ;Sg]5 . afnLsf] pTkfbsTj Go"g:t/df /x]sf]n] o;:t/af6 dflynfg Psbd ;lhnf] x'G5 . pbfx/0fsf] nflu k|fyldstfsf] ¿kdf pGgt hft, l;+rfO{, /f;folgs Pj+ h}ljsdnsf] PsLs[t k|of]u cflbn] dfqklg t'?Gt pTkfbg a9fpg ;lsG5 . pGgt jLpsf] kl/df0f a9fpg hflto ;xeflutfd"ns 5gf}6åf/f lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{nosf] lhNnfdf jLp cfTdlge{/ x'g] sfo{qmd (District Seed Self-sufficiency Programme, DISSPRO) nfO{ pkof]u u/L ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t jLp pTkfbg (Community-based Seed Production) ug]{, hgtfnfO{ vfBfGg pknAw u/fpg] bfloTj klg ;/sf/sf] xf] . u'0f:t/Lo jLpn] dfq pTkfbgdf sl/a !% b]lv @) k|ltzt;Dd b]g lbg;S5 elgPsf] 5 . elgG5 ef]s]fk]6 zfGt x'Fb}g (Hungryman is no Peacefulman) / rsrs], rGrn] (Impty Stomach is Restless one) x'G5 . ds} hft pGdf]rgubf{ lahf]/ gDa/ eP ;]tf] / hf]/ gDa/ eP kx]+nf] /Ësf] ds} eGg] hgfpFb5 . pbfx?0fsf] nflu c?0f ! eg]sf] ;]tf] / c?0f @ eg]sf] kx]+nf] /Ësf] ds}hft eGg] a'emg' kb{5 . g]kfndf k|yd k6s ds}sf]   æuf}/jÆ gfds j0f{z+s/ hftklg pGdf]rg ePsf] 5 . ;a}eGbf kl5 @)^# ;fndf !#% lbgdf kfsL cf};t %,&)) d]l6«s 6g k|lt x]S6/ pTkfbsTj lbg] b]ptL hft dWo kxf8sf] nflu pGdf]rg ePsf] lyof] . To:t}u/L @)^# ;fnd} !#% lbgdf kfsL cf};t ^,!)) d]l6«s 6g k|lt x]S6/ pTkfbsTj lbg] zLtnf hft k"jf{Grn, dWodfGrn / klZrdfGrn If]qsf] dWokxf8sf] ;fy} t/fO{, leqLdw]z tyf kxf8sf] a];L If]qsf] nflu pGdf]rg ePsf] xf] . s[ifsx¿n] cfcfkm\gf] If]qdf pGdf]rg ePsf ds}sf hftx¿ af/] hfgsf/LlnO{ v]tLug]{ ug'{kb{5 lsgsL gofF l;kmfl/; ePsf hftx¿df /f]u, sL/f gnfUg] / w]/} pTkfbglbg ;Sg] Ifdtf ePsfn] g} /fli6«o jLp ljhg ;ldlt cGtu{t /x]sf] hft cg'df]bg, pGdf]rg tyf btf{ pk;ldltn] pGdf]rg tyf btf{ u/L cf}krfl/s ¿kdf v]tLug{ l;kmfl/; ub{5 . Ps k6s pGdf]rg ePsf] hft ;bfaxf/ lg/f]uL /xg ;St}g . ;'?df /f]u gnfUg] eg]/ l;kmfl/; ePsf] hft s]xL jif{kl5 /f]u nfUg] kfOPsf] 5, To;}n] cg;Gwfstf{x¿ h:t} /f]un] klg lg/Gt/ cg';Gwfg ul//x]sf] x'G5g\ eGg] ul/G5 . t;y{ cg';Gwfgn] lg/Gt/ /f]u, sL/f gnfUg] w]/} pTkfbglbg] hftx¿ ljsf; ul//x]sf x'G5g\ . s[lif tyf ;xsf/L dGqfnosf] cfly{s jif{ @)^#.@)^$ sf] k|sflzt tYofÍ cg';f/ g]kfndf ds}afnLsf] pGgt jLpn] 9fs]sf] If]qkmn ** k|ltzt /x]sf] lyof] . ls;fg bfh'efO{, lbbL jlxgLx¿n] pGgt hftsf] ;fy} v]tLug{ l;kmfl/; ul/Psf] tf}/tl/sf klg ckgfpg' kb{5 gq eg] ljsf;] hftn] :yfgLo hfteGbf sd pTkfbg lbPsf] klg kfOPsf] 5 .

     g]kfnsf] kxf8L e]ssf] ds}afnLsf] kftdf gofF /f]usf] ¿kdf klxnf] k6s v}/f]yf]Kn] /f]u - Gray Leaf Spot Gray Leaf Spot_sf] vt/f b]lvg yfn]sf] k|df0f s[lif lj1x¿n] b]vfPsf 5g\ . o; /f]un] ubf{ kxf8Le]ssf] ds} pTkfbgdf x|f; cfpg ;Sg] 5 . gfs{sL al/i7 afnL/f]u lj1 >LdtL 1fg' dfgGw/n] klxnf] k6s ;]K6]Da/ @))^ df sfe|]lhNnfsf] jf8{ gDa/ * 9''Ëvs{af6 k|fKt ds} la?jfsf] gd"gfaf6 k|of]uzfnfdf k/LIf0f k5L o; /f]usf] klxrfg ug'{ ePsf] xf] . xfn o; /f]u sf7df08f}+ pkTosf, vf]6fË, O{nfd, t]x|y'd, wgs'6f h:tf lhNnfx¿df ;d]t km}lnPsf] yfxfx'g cfPsf] 5 . o; /f]usf] hLjf0f' xfjfaf6 ;g]{ ePsf]n] cGo kxf8L lhNnfx¿df klg o; /f]usf] k|sf]k a9g ;Sg] ;Defjgf b]lvG5 . s[ifsx¿sf] hldgdf gfs{sf s[lif j}1flgs / k|;f/stf{x¿n] :ynut cjnf]sg ubf{ :yfgLo hftsf ds}afnLdf o; /f]usf] k|sf]k al9b]lvg'sf] ;fy} pTkfbgdf %) b]lv &% k|ltzt;Dd x|f; cfPsf] kfOof] t/  dgsfdgf #, b]ptL / u0f]z ! h:tf l;kmfl/; ul/Psf hftx¿df o; /f]usf] k|sf]k sd b]lvPsf] lyof] .

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