Krishi Patrika, Nepal

A Fortnightly Newsletter on Agricultural & Forestry Technologies, Farmers Rights and Analytical News  

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s[lif klqsf

Krishi Patrika A Newsletter on Agricultural & Forestry Technologies, Farmers Right and Analytical News

 

jif{M ! c°M !$ s[lif klqsf -@)^% ;fn, c;f/ !^–#! ut], (30 June- 15 July, 2008) d'NoM jflif{s ? @@%

cfFkM k'/fgf /}yfg] ¿vx¿ dfl;b} 5g\

clxn] cfFksf] df};d xf] . ahf/df kmnkm"nsf k;n / 6f]s/Ldf /flvPsf cfFk sf7df8f}+sf] unLuNnL b]Vg kfOG5 . cfFk g]kfnsf] pQ/L lxdfnL lhNnfx¿afx]s k|foM ;a} lhNnfx¿df, t/fO{sf ;Dd kmfF6b]lv pRr kxf8sf] !%)) ld6/;Ddsf pFrfO{df cfFkv]tL ul/G5 . If]qkmnsf] lx;fan] ;a}eGbf a9L cfFkv]tL t/fO{sf lhNnfx¿ bfË, ;nf{xL, l;/fxf, dxf]Q/L, slknj:t', afFs], wg'iff, ;'g;/L af/f, /f}tx6, alb{of, k;f{df ul/G5 . g]kfndf cfFk h]7b]lv ebf};Dd pknAw x'g] ub{5 . o;/L cfFk kfOg] df};dsf] cfwf/df cfFk cuf}6], dWo / k5f}6] u/L tLg lsl;dsf x'G5g\ . aDaO, uf]kfnef]u, bzx/L, dfnbx, dlNnsf, cd|kfnL, snsltof, l;lkof cflb cfFksf d'Vo hft x'g\ .   g]kfndf cfFkn] sl/a @$,))) x]S6/ 9fs]sf] cg'dfg 5 h;df sl/a !$,%)) x]S6/ If]qsf cfFk jo:s tyf pTkfbg lbg] cj:yfsf af]6x¿ 5g\ h;af6 sl/a !#^, ))) 6g cfFksf] kmn pTkfbg x'g] cg'dfg 5 . cfFk Ps jif{ la/fP/ kmNg] jf Ps jif{ Psfkl§sf] / csf]{ jif{ csf{kl§sf] xfFuf] kmNg' -Alternate Bearing_, sf ;fy} cfFkdf ljleGg k|sf/sf sL/fx¿ -km8\s], kmn s'xfpg] cf}+;fxf, ujf/f], sf]ofsf] 3'g, ;fOln8_ tyf /f]ux¿ -sf]q]M PGYo|fsgf]h, ldN8Ø" cflb_ n] cfFk pTkfbgdf xfgLgf]S;fgL k'¥ofpg] ub{5g\ . To:t} km"nkm'n]sf]  tyf cfFkdf lrlrnf nfu]sf] a]nf x'/Latf; tyf cl;gf kgf{n] klg cfFk pTkfbgdf 7"nf] sldcfpg] ub{5 .

g]kfndf @))$ ;fn cl3 s]jn aLh' hftsf -sf]ofaf6 pld|Psf la?jf_ cfFksf]dfq v]tL ul/GYof] . wfld{s :yn j/k/ tyf st}st} lghL hUufdf oL k'/fgf /}yfg hftsf cfFksf] au}+rf oBflk b]Vg kfOG5 . s[lif ljefusf] :yfkgf nuQ} g]kfndf klg /f]k]sf] tLgrf/ jif{d} kmn lbg] / la?jf klg demf}nf sbsf / ;fgf] If]qkmndf w]/} la?jf /f]Kg ;lsg] a9L pTkfbg lbg] pGgt hftsf cfFksf] k|rng ;'? ePsf] xf] . aLh' af]6 7"n7"nf chËsf ¿v x'g],  /f]uJofwL ;xg;Sg] tyf nfdf] cjwL;Dd kmn lbg ;Sg] Ifdtf ePsf x'G5g\ . t/ oL k'/fgf ¿vx¿ sf7, bfo/f tyf cGo afnLx¿sfnflu tyf v]t lj:tf/ ug]{ qmddf dfl;b} uPsf 5g\ . o;n] cfFksf] h}ljs ljljwtf nf]kx'g] vt/f a9]sf] 5 eg]+ cfFk cTkfbgdf klg qmlds lu/fj6 cfPsf] 5 .

g]kfnsf] 3/]n' cfjZostf k'/fug{ 7"nf] kl/0ffddf ef/taf6 cfFk leqfOg] ul/G5 . ;8s, gx/, gbL, kf]v/L 5]p5fp tyf ;fj{hlgs hUufx¿df cfFk v]tLsf] lj:tf/ u/]/ ;f}Gbo{sf ;fy}, jftfj/0f ;+/If0f, ljz]iftM ;'s'djf;Lx¿sf nflu j}slNks cfoj[l4 tyf /f]huf/Lsf cf};/ h'6fpg kxn ul/g' cfjZos b]lvG5 . k

lghL If]qsf kf/f e]6]l/g/Lx¿sf] Ifdtf clej[l4 tflnd ;DkGg

kf]v/f÷nlntk'/, ;fd'bflos kz' ljsf; cfof]hgfsf] kxndf lghLIf]qdf sfo{/t kf/f e]6]l/g/Ldfkm{t kz' ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ sfo{nfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ p2]Zon] ;fd'bflos kz' ljsf; cfof]hgfn] xfn} ækf/fe]6 lghL kz' lrlsT;f Joj:yf tyf s[lqd uef{wfgÆ ;DaGwL tLg xKt] tflnd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . tflnddf kz' :jf:Yo ;]jfnfO{ Joj;fosf] ¿kdf ;~rfng ug{, /f]u lgoGq0f tyf pkrf/df ePsf xfnsf k|ult tyf s[lqd uef{wfg ;DaGwL hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] lyof] . tflnddf e]6]/Lg/L tyf s[lqd uef{wfgsf] If]qdf sfd ug]{ $^ lhNnfsf ;DefJo e]6]/lg/L Joj;fo tyf s[lqd uef{wfg ;]jfdf ;+nUg Joj;foLx¿sf] ;xeflutf lyof] . oL ;xeflux¿n] u|fdL0f If]qdf kz' :jf:Yo tyf s[lqd uef{wfg ;]jfsf] ;'b[l9s/0f u/L kz' ljsf;sf] If]qnfO{ Jofj;flosLs/0f ug]{ ck]Iff lnOPsf] 5 . ;f] cj;/df oL ;xefuLx¿nfO{ sl/a ? #) nfv a/fa/sf] ljleGg cf}hf/ tyf ;fdfu|Lx¿ ;xof]u :j¿k ljt/0f ul/Psf] hfgsf/L ;fd'bflos kz' ljsf; cfof]hgfn] lbPsf] 5 . xfn s[lqs uef{wfgsf] If]qdf lghL If]qn] sl/a s"n s[lqd uef{wfgsf] sl/a !$ k|ltzt ;]jf k|bfg ul//x]sf] 5 . cfof]hgfn] cfufdL cfly{s jif{df sl/a !#) lghL e]6 Joj;foLx¿sf] Ifdtf clej[l4 tyf ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] sfo{qmd /x]sf] 5 . k

;nf{xL lhNnfdf kz' ljsf; ultljlw

–lbks s'df/ /fgfef6, ;nf{xL

;nf{xL, lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no, ;nf{xLn] xfn} Pleog PGˆn'PGhf /f]usf] /f]syfd lgoGq0fsf nflu hgr]tgf km}nfpg ljleGg sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . ;r]tgf sfo{qmddf lhNnf l:yt d'Vod'Vo /fhgLlts bnx¿sf k|ltlglwx¿, ;+3÷;+:yfx¿, s'v'/fkfns s[ifsx¿ tyf s'v'/f Joj;foLx¿sf] ;xeflutf lyof] . ;f] cj;/df lhNnf :t/sf ;Dk"0f{ ;~rf/sdL{x¿nfO{ æa8{ˆn' /f]u ;DaGwL ldl8of la|lkmËÆ sf] cfof]hgf ;d]t ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] cWoIftf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Ln] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] eg]+ sfo{qmddf a8{ˆn' /f]u ;DaGwL hfgsf/L lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nosf k|d'v 8f= /fdgf/fo0f d08nn] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .

To:t}, b"w laqmL geP/ v]/ hfg] ;d:of ef]u] kl5 ;xsf/L w"nf] b"w sf/vfgf :yfkgf ug{ b'Uw pTkfbs s[ifsx¿ ;lqmo ePsf 5g\ . ;nf{xL lhNnfsf] nfnaGbL / g]qu~h l;dfgfdf /xg] pSt pBf]udf ;u/dfyf, hgsk'/ / gf/fo0fL u/L tLg c~rnsf !! lhNnfsf] ;xeflutf /xg] 5 .

pSt pBf]u sl/a ? #) s/f]8sf] nfutdf aGg nfu]sf] hfgsf/L s]Gb|Lo b'Uw ;xsf/L ;+3sf pkfWoIf >L df]xg axfb'/ /fodfemLn] lbg eof] . pBf]usf] :yfkgfdf :yfgLo lgsfo, /fli6«o b'Uw;DaGwL ;+:yfx¿ / g]kfn ;/sf/;+u nufgLsf] k|f/lDes ;xdtL e};s]sf] hfgsf/L /fodfemLn] lbg' eof] . pBf]usf nflu ;Kt/L, l;/fxf, pbok'/, wg'iff, dxf]Q/L, ;nf{xL, /f}tx6, af/f, dsjfgk'/, k;f{ / l;Gw'nL lhNnfsf b'Uw pTkfbs s[ifsx¿sf] ;xeflutf 5 . l;Gw'nL lhNnfsf :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L >L tf/f axfb'/ sfsL{n] s[ifsx¿sf] j[xQ/ lxt x'g] b]lvPsf] pBf]udf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] klg dg km'sfP/ nufgL ug]{ wf/0ff JoQm ug'{ eof] .  ;+3sf] tYofÍ cg';f/ pNn]lvt lhNnfx¿af6 jflif{s @ nfv @$ xhf/ d]6g b"w pTkfbg x'g] cg'dfg 5 . h;dWo] ahf/sf] cefjdf Ps nfv ^* xhf/ d]6g b"w v]/ uO/x]sf] 5  . sd}{ofsf s[ifs >L 8f]n/fh kf08]n] aGb, ldNs xf]ln8], / laqmLsf] ;d:ofn] lk/f]lnPsf kz'kfns  s[ifsx¿nfO{  o; pBf]usf] :yfkgfaf6 /fxt k'Ug] ljZjf; lng' x'G5 . k

/fli6«o b'Uw ljsf; af]8{sf] cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd uf]i7L ;DkGg

nlntk'/, xfn} /fli6«o b'Uw ljsf; af]8{n] æb'Uw ljsf;sf] If]qdf ;~rflnt af]8{sf] sfo{qmdx¿sf] pkfb]otf÷cfjZostfÆ ;DaGwdf Pslbg] cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . sfo{qmddf s[lif tyf ;xsf/L dGqfnosf k|ltlglw, kz';]jf ljefu, vfB k|ljlw tyf u'0f lgoGq0f ljefu, s]Gb|Lo, b"w pTkfbs ;xsf/L ;+3, ;xsf/L ljefu, b'Uw ljsf; ;+:yfg, lghL 8]/Lsf k|ltlglwx¿sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . uf]i7Ldf ljleGg jStfx¿n] b'Uwkbfy{ tyf b"w pTkfbs s[ifsx¿sf ;d;fdlos ;d:ofx¿ k|lt cf}NofpFb} l5d]sL b]z ef/tdf b"wsf] nfut d"No g]kfnsf] bfFhf]df clt sd ePsf] t/ g]kfndf a9L ePsf], ;nf{xLdf af]8{ tyf ;+3sf] ;xsfo{df w"nf] b"w sf/vfgf :yfkgf x'g nfu]sf] . dflg;x¿df b"w vfg] afgL sd x'Fb} uPsf]n] o;df s;/L ;'wf/ ug]{ tkm{ Wofgfsif{0f u/fpg' ePsf] lyof] . uf]i7Lsf] cWoIotf af]8{sf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs >L c?0f s'df/ >]i7n] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . k

 

ci6«]lnofdfM

a8{ˆn' EoflS;gsf] ljsf;

ca s'v'/fdf nfUg] a8{ˆn' /f]u dflg;df klg ;5{ / dxfdf/L km}nG5 eGg] qf;af6 d'St x'g] a]nf cfO;s]sf] 5 . xfn} ci6«]lnofdf Pleog OGˆn'PGhf efO/; -a8{ˆn'_ sf] ;+qmd0faf6 dflg;nfO{ arfpFg vf]k -Vaccine_sf] ljsf; ul/Psf] hfgsf/L ci6]«lnofsf :jf:Yo dGqL lgsf]nf /f]S;f]gn] hfgsf/L lbg' ePsf] 5 . of] vf]ksf] ljsf; ci6«]lnof l:yt ;Lo;on afof]y]/flkh\ ci6«]lnofn] ljsf; u/]sf] xf] . of] vf]k or kmfOeogjg -H5N1_ :6«]gsf] OGkm'PGhfaf6 /Iff ug{ ;Ifd /x]sf] / z/L/df k|lt/Iff zlStsf ;fy} /f]u km}lnPsf] cj:yfdf /f]uaf6 arfpg ;d]t ;Ifd 5 eGg] hfgsf/L lbPPsf] 5 . k

 

æls;fgb]lv ls;fgÆ sfo{qmd uf]i7L ;DkGg

/fd]Zj/ sfsL{, wflbª

wflbª, æls;fgb]lv ls;fgÆ s[lif k|rf/ ;ldlt  wflbªsf] cfof]hgfdf lhNnfsf] pQ/L e]udf kg]{ u'DbL uflj;df :yfgLo ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿aLr ePsf] uf]i7L xfn} ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . uf]i7Ldf k|rf/ ;ldltsf lhNnf ;lrj bfdf]b/ cof{n, ;b:o uf]kL l/hfn nufotn] cfw'lgs s[lif k|0ffnL / h}ljs v]tLsf af/]df ;xhLs/0f ug'{ePsf] lyof] . #& hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] ;f] uf]i7Ldf dfcf]jfbLsf :yfgLo OGrfh{ ldgaxfb'/ kf}8]n, g]skf Pdfn]sf kf6L{ ;lrj  lji0f'k|;fb l;Dv8f, g]kfnL sf+u|];sf g]qaxfb'/ 3n], uflj; ;lrj 7fs'/ l;Dv8f nufot cGo dxfg'efjx¿n] uflj;sf] cfufdL ah]6df s[lifsf] Jofj;flos ljsf;sfnflu k|ofKtdfqfdf ah]]6 ljlgof]hg ug]{ k|ltj4tf hgfPsf lyP . k

 


 


jif{M ! cÍM !^ s[lif klqsf -@)^% ;fn, c;f/ !^– #! _      k[i6 @ u|fdL0f ÷s[lifcy{÷hLljsf

s[lif lrGtg ======

wfg /f]kfOF kj{n] slxn] ;fy{stf kfpg]  <

·       c;f/sf] dlxgf wfg /f]kfOFsf] dlxgf xf] . /ËLrËL sk8f nufP/ /ftf] l6sf lgwf/df yfk]/, xfF;v]n, 7§f / lxnf] 5Øfkf5fk ub}{, /f]kfOF uLt 3GsfP/ wfg /f]kfOF ug]{ /f]kfxf/x¿, v]t ;Dofpg] afp;]x¿nfO{ b]Vbf g]kfn ;+;f/df ;a}eGbf ;'vL, v';L / ;DkGg d'n's xf] eGg] nfU5 .

·       cfhsf] j}1flgs k|ljlw tyf pGgt hftsf aLpljhgsf] ljsf;n] wfgsf] /f]kfOF ug{ c;f/ !% kv{g} kg]{ jfWotf /x]g,  jif{}el/ g} wfg nufpg ;lsg] k|ljlwsf] ljsf; ePsf 5g\ . v]t glxNofOsg, /f]kfOF gul/sg} klg wfg kmnfpg] k|ljlw ljsf; ePsf 5g\ . t/ klg k/Dk/f cg';f/ oxL c;f/sf] !% df bxL Ro"/f vfO{ wfgsf] /f]kfOF ljlwjt ;'? ul/Psf] 5 .

·       c;f/ !% sf] wfg /f]kfOF, kj{sf] ¿kdf lnOG5 g]kfndf . sltko 7fpFdf k/Dk/fut uLt ufpg], gfrufg ug]{, k~r}afhf ahfpg] ul/G5 . ufpFel/sf v]tfnf hDdf ug]{, kd{ nufpg], a]7L nufpg] rng oBlk sfod} 5 ufpF3/df . bxLRo'/f vfOG5 . 7fpF ljz]if cg';f/ v;L sfl6G5 . ef]het]/ u/]/ /f]kfOF kj{ dgfOG5 .

·       wfgsf] eft g]kfnLsf] d'Vo ef]hg xf] . Ps5fs eft vfg} kg]{ x'G5 g]kfnLx¿nfO{ afFRg . of] c;f/sf] dlxgf dfgf] /f]k]/ d'/L kmnfpg] a]nf xf] . t/ j9L kl/>d, pGgt aLpljhg, dn, k|ljlw;Dd ;j{;fwf/0f s[ifsx¿sf] ;'ne kx'Fr gx'g' nfuta9L gfkmf sdsf sf/0f vfB ;'/Iffsf] k|d'v cfwf/sf] ¿kdf /x]sf] wfgv]tL tkm{ ls;fgx¿sf] ljt[i0ff a9b} uPsf] 5 . cGo j}slNks afnLsf] ljsf;;+u} wfgv]tL tkm{ g]kfnsf ls;fgx¿ ljd'v aGb} uPsf 5g\ .

·       cr]n, /f]kfOF ubf{ ufOg] dfn>L, c;f/], x'8\s]nL, r}t, kmfun h:tf uLtx¿ sd} u'GhG5g\, nf]kx'g] cj:yfdf 5g\ . kd{, a]7Lsf] rng x/fpFb} uPsf] 5 . /f]kfOF ubf{ ahfOg] k~r}afhf, 3fdkfgLaf6 aRg cf]l9g] 3'd lj:ylkt x'Fb} uPsf 5g\ . nf7], afp;], /f]kf/sf] 7fpF 6«ØfS6/, y|];/n] lng yfn]sf 5g\ . 3'dsf] :yfg 5ftfn] lnPsf] 5 .  k/Dk/f nf]k x'Fb} 5 . gofF k':tf v]tLls;fgLaf6 ljd'v aGb} uPsf 5g\ . 

·       ljZjsf cfwf hg;ªVofsf] d'Vo ef]hg eft xf] . rfdn jf eftsf] pTkfbgdf sldePdf vfB;'/Iffsf] l:ylt vNalng ;S5 . ef]sd/Lsf] ;d:of pTkGg x'g ;S5 . ljZjdf ;jf{lws wfg pTkfbg ug]{ d'n'sx¿ ef/t, rLg, OG8f]g]l;of, aËnfb]z, leotgfd, adf{ cflb x'g\ . ljZjdf sl/a ^% s/f]8 6g wfg pTkfbg ul/G5 .

·       g]kfndf t/fO{sf ;Dd kmfF6b]lv h'Dnfsf] tLg xhf/ ld6/sf] pFrfO{;Dddf wfg v]tL ul/G5 . g]kfndf sl/a !% nfv x]S6/ If]qdf wfg v]tL ul/G5 / $@ nfv d]l6«s 6g wfgsf] pTkfbg x'g] cg'dfg 5 . plxn]plxn] PsnafnLsf] ¿kdfdfq x'g] wfgv]tL  cr]n jif{df tLgtLgafnL;Dd lng] ul/G5 . ca jif}{el/ wfg kmNg yfn]sf 5g\ t/ ;a}n] eft vfg] hf]xf] x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . vfBfGg ;+s6 emgemg ljs/fn aGb} uPsf] 5 .

·       wfg v]tL ug]{ ls;fgx¿ v';L 5}gg\ . ;'vL 5}gg\ . wfgv]tLaf6 /fd|f] pTkfbg lng k|z:t kfgL rflxG5 . /fd|f] aLp, dn, :ofxf/ rflxG5 . t/ g]kfndf wfgv]tL cfsfz] kfgLsf] e/df ul/G5 . sl/a ^% k|ltzt wfgv]tdf ;d'lrtdfqfdf l;FrfOsf] ;'ljwf k'Ug ;s]sf] 5}g . wfgsf] pTkfbsTj @=& 6g k|lt x]S6/ dfq 5 . o;nfO{ ;lhn};+u ljZjsf] cf};t pTkfbsTj $=! 6g k|lt x]S6/;Dd k'¥ofpg ;lsg] ;Defjgf tyf cfwf/x¿ k|z:t 5g\ . sf7df8f} pkTossf] wfg pTkfbg g} sl/a ^ 6g k|lt x]S6/ /x]sf] cg'dfg 5 . /fd|f] aLp ;'ne 5}g, dn kfOGg . >d ug]{ alnof xftx¿ ljb]lzPsf 5g\ . To;}n] /f]kfO{ kj{ Tolt pNnf;do x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . casf] gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx¿n] lsgf;nfO{ k]6el/ eft vfg] k|aGw ug{ ;s]df, ls;fgnfO{ s]xL /fxt lbg ;s]df, v]tnfO{ pGgt dn, aLp tyf lbuf] k|ljlw lbg ;s]dfdfq /f]kfOF kj{n] ;fy{stf kfpg] 5  . k  

cGt/fli6«o cfn'afnL jif{ @))*M

vfBfGg ;Í6sf] ;dfwfg cfn'v]tLsf] ljsf;

– sflnsf k|;fb pkfWofo, cfn'afnL cg';Gwfg sfo{qmd, gfs{, v'dn6f/

ljZjdf vfB;Í6 pTkGg x'g] cg'dfg ul/Pkl5 w]/}h;f] /fi6«x¿n] vfBfGgsf] pTkfbg a9fpg / cfˆgf gful/sx¿nfO{ b}lgs vfgfsf kl/sf/df km]/abn ug{ ;Nnfx lbO/x]sf 5g\ . hg;+Vofsf] j[l4 / s[lif pTkfbgdf x'g] j[l4aLrsf] c;dfgtfn] ubf{ g]kfndf klg of] ;Í6 gcfpnf eGg ;lsGg . s]xL dlxgf cl3 b}n]vdf blnt ;d'bfosf kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿sf] vfBfGgsf] cefjaf6 d[To';d]t ePsf] va/ cfof] . g]kfndf s}og\ o;tf b'u{d 7fpFx¿ 5g\ hxfF æjif}{el/ vfg kfpg'ÆnfO{ dfG5] efUodfgL 7fG5g\ . o:tf] cj:yfdf s[lif If]qdf ;+nUg ;a}n] cf–cfˆgf] If]qaf6 ulxl/P/ ;f]Rg'kg]{ a]nf cfPsf] 5 . otf vfB;Í6sf] qf; km}lnPsf] a]nf ptf ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3 / ljZj vfB tyf s[lif ;+u7gsf] kxndf ;g\ @))* nfO{ cGt/fli6«o cfn'jfnL jif{sf] ¿kdf dgfOFb}5 . g]kfndf klg …cfn'sf] dxTj a'emf}+, pTkfbsTj a9fcf}+ / vfB ;'/Ifdf 6]jf k'¥ofcf}+Ú eGg] gf/fsf ;fy /fli6«o cfn'jfnL cg';Gwfg sfo{qmd / cfn' ljsf; zfvfn] ljleGg sfo{qmdx¿sf] cfof]hgf ul//x]sf 5g\ . vfB;Í6sf] dxfdf/Lsf] rrf{ rln/xFbf wfg, ux'F, ds} h:tf cGgjfnLaf6 ca g]kfnL pkef]Qmfx¿ ljz]ifu/L kxf8 / b'u{d If]qsf jfl;Gbfsf] Wofg cfn'sf] Jofks pTkfbgdf hfg'kg]{ cfjZostf dx;'; ul/Psf] 5 .

xfn g]kfndf cfn'sf] pTkfbsTj sl/a !# 6g k|lt x]S6/ /x]sf] 5 h'g cGo afnLx¿ eGbf pRr xf] . cfn'sf] o; pTkfbsTjnfO{ ljsl;t b]zx¿;+u t'ngf ubf{ g]kfndf cfn'v]tLsf] pTkfbsTj pknAw ;|f]t / ;fwg dfqsf] ;d'lrt k|of]un] klg t]Aa/ kfg{ ;lsg] ;Defjgf 5 . of] cfn'afnL g]kfnsf] t/fO{b]lv pRrkxf8;Dd v]tL u/L pTkfbg ug{ ;lsg] ePsfn] vfBfGg ;Í6u|:t If]qx¿df -hxfF k|d'v cGgjfnLx¿sf] pTkfbg yf]/} x'G5_, cfn'afnL nufP/ vfB ;'/Iffdf d2t k'Ug ;S5 / ef]sd/Lsf] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ ;lsG5 . cem, pQ/L e]udf t o;nfO{ d'Vo vfBkbfy{sf] ¿kdf k|of]u ul/g] x'gfn] o;sf] ljsf;df Wofg lbg' ckl/xfo{ ePsf] 5 . o;af6 aGg] lrK;, kL7f], k|m]Gr k|mfOh, ˆn]S; cflb agfpg] xf] eg] Eofn' P8 x'g uO{ ahf/Ls/0f tyf ljljlws/0f u/L s[ifsx¿sf] cfocfh{gdf cfd'n ;'wf/ Nofpg ;lsG5 .

cfn'v]tLsf] ljsf;df k|d'v cj/f]w ¿kdf e08f/0fsf] c;'ljwf xf] t/ pQ/L e]usf] lr;f] xfjfkfgLdf e08f/0f ;lhn};+u ug{ ;lsg] x'gfn] o;nfO{ s]xL dlxgfkl5 vfBfGg ;Í6sf] a]nf pkof]u ug{ ;lsG5 . of] afnL cGoafnLsf] t'ngfdf 5f]6f] cjlwdf -()–!@) lbg_ tof/ x'g] x'gfn] jif{df t'ngfTds ¿kn] w]/}k6s nufO{ pTkfbg a9fpg ;lsG5 . cGo afnL;+u ldl>t / cGt/jfnLsf] ¿kdf k|of]u ug{ ;lsg] ljleGg afnLrqmdf klg pkof]u ug{ ;lsg] x'gfn] cGo afnLsf] pTkfbg sd x'g] kxf8L Onfsfdf o;sf] Jofks pTkfbg j[l4 ug{ ;lsg] b]lvG5 . pRrkxf8L If]qdf pTkflbt cfn'df efO/; /f]u gnfug] x'Fbf tL cfn' z'4 aLpsf] ¿kdf klg k|of]u u/L t/fO{ / a]+zLlt/ cfk"lQ{ ug{ ;lsG5 h;n] ubf{ tL :yfgsf s[ifssf] cfo;|f]t j[l4 eO{ cGo vfBfGg lsGg ;S5g\ . o:t} o:t} ljljw ;DefJotf / jt{dfgsf] 68\sf/f] cfjZostfn] ubf{ cfn'sf] ljsf;df Jofks kxn ug'{ h?/L ePsf] 5 .

g]kfndf cfn'sf] ljsf; u/L vfB ;'/Iffdf 6]jf k'¥ofpg] xf] eg] s]xL HjnGt ;d:ofx¿sf] ;dfwfgtkm{ Wofg lbg'kg]{ x'G5 . ;j{k|yd xfdL;+u pknAw ;|f]t;fwgsf] ;dfg'kflts / ;d'lrt pkof]u ug{ ;Sg' kb{5 . tL ;|f]t;fwg eg]sf ef}uf]lns cg's"ntf, pknAw hgzlQm, k|of]uzfnf tyf kmfd{x¿, zLt e08f/x¿, pknAw k|ljlwx¿, cfn'sf] ljsf;df ;+nUg ;+3÷;+:yfaf6 k|fKt ;xof]u cflb x'g\ . o;}u/L ljleGg ef}uf]lns If]qsf nflu pko'Qm hftx¿sf] :j:y aLpsf] pTkfbg klg h?/L 5 h;nfO{ k|of]uzfnfaf6 pTkflbt :j:y k"j{–d"n aLp / laofF cfn' pTkfbgdf Jofkstf NofO ;dfwfg ug{ ;lsG5 . ;'/lIft e08f/0f / ljt/0fsf nflu ljsl;t k|ljlwx¿sf] Jofks lj:tf/ ug'{kb{5 . df6f]sf] pj{/fzlQm Joj:yfkg ug{ sf];]afnL;+u cfn'sf] v]tL, cltl/Qm k|fªufl/s dnsf] pTkfbg / k|of]u / ;Gt'lnt dnvfbsf] k|of]u ug'{kb{5 .

oL ;a} sfd ug'{ s[ifssf] dfq lhDd]jf/L xf]Og . cfn'afnLdf ;dlk{t cg';Gwfgstf{x¿n] s[ifssf] :t/df k|of]u ug{ ;lsg] sd nfutsf Jofjxfl/s k|ljlwsf] ljsf; ug{'[ k¥of] . uf=lj=;=b]lv /fli6«o:t/;Dd ;~hfn :yflkt e};s]sf] s[lif ljefu cGtu{tsf ;]jf s]Gb|x¿n] tL k|ljlwx¿sf] dxTj a'em]/ s[ifsnfO{ ltgsf] cjnDag ug{ k]|l/t ug'{kb{5 .      k

 

s[ifs ynf]M======

-o; :tDedf cfˆgf s[lifhGo ;d:ofx¿ n]lv k7fpg x'g cg'/f]w ul/G5, xfdL lj1sf] ;Nnfx, ;'emfp pknAw u/fpg] k|of; ug]{5f}+ –s[lif klqsf_

? >L sdn kf]v/]n, hgsk'/ %, wg'iffM æxfdLn] v]taf/Ldf k|of]u ug]{ o'/Lof dn ufO{a:t'nfO{ klg v'jfpg ;lsG5 eGg] ;'Gb5' . o'/Lof dn s;/L v'cfpg] hfgsf/L kfpFÆ <  

= s[lif klqsfM kf]v/]nhL, g]kfndf kz'cfxf/fsf] k|d"v ;|f]t g} k/fn /x]sf] 5 . t/ of] kf}li6stfsf] b[li6sf]0fn] clt g} dxTjxLg x'G5 . k/fndf kf]li6stTj clt sd ePsf]n] k/fndfq v'jfpFbf o;n] kz'x¿sf] k]6 eg]{dfq sfd ub{5 . k/fndf o'l/of pkrf/ u/]/ o;sf] kf}li6stf a9fpg ;lsG5 .  ;fwf/0f dnsf] ¿kdf k|of]u ul/g] o'/Lofn] k/fnsf] pkrf/ ug{ ;lsG5 . o'/Lofdf $@–$^ k|ltzt ;Dd gfO6«f]hg kfOG5 . k|f]l6gsf] cfwf/ g} gfO6«f]hg tTj ePsf]n] kz'x¿nfO{ o'/Lof v''jfpFbf k|f]l6g aGg d2t ub{5  -k|f]l6gsf] dfqf o'/Lofdf @^% k|ltzt x'G5_ . o;/L ufO{e}+;Lx¿nfO{ yf]/} dfqfdf o'/Lof v'jfP/ k|fl6gsf] cfk"lQ{ ug{ ;lsG5 .  cfxf/fsf] ¿kdf o'/Lof pUo|fpg] rf}kfofx¿nfO{ dfq v'jfOG5, ;fwf/0f k]6 ePsf hgfj/x¿ -a+u'/, 3f]8f, uwf tyf pmg pTkfbg x'g] hgfj/ e]+8f cflb_ nfO{ o'/Lof v'cfpg' x'Gg .

k/fndf o'l/ofsf] pkrf/ ug{sf nflu $ k|ltzt o'/Lofsf] emf]n k|of]u ul/G5 . o;sf nflu ;j{k|yd cfjZos dfqfdf k/fn lnP/ To;nfO{ ;;fgf 6'qmf -xFl;of jf rfkms6/n] kfFr, ;ft ;]lG6ld6/ nfdf] cfsf/sf]_ kfg'{ kb{5  . csf]{ tkm{ Pp6f aflN6g lnP/ o'/Lofsf] emf]n agfpg' kb{5 . emf]n agfpgsf nflu Ps ln6/ kfgLdf $) u|fd hlt o'/Lof /fd|/L 3f]Ng' kb{5 . o;/L agfPsf] Ps ln6/ o;/Lofsf] emf]n Ps lsnf] 6'qmfkf/]sf] k/fnsf nflu k'U5 . 6'qmf kf/]sf] k/fndf /fd|/L o'/Lofsf] emf]n ldnfP kl5 ;f] ?em]sf] k/fnnfO{ Knfli6ssf] y}nf], esf/L jf vfN8f]df /fd|/L vfFb]/ eg'{ kb{5 / d'v6Dd kf/L s:;]/ aGb ug'{ kb{5 . o;/L vfFb\bf k/fnleq xfjf/xg' jf l5g{ lbg' x'Gg  -xfjf 5/]df pkrfl/t k/fn s'lxg] ;Defjgf /xG5_ . o;/L pkrf/ u/]sf] k/fn b'O{ xKtfdf tof/ x'G5 .

o'/LofnfO{ ;f]em} 6'qmf kf/]sf] k/fndf ;fFw]/ klg ufO{a:t'nfO{ v'jfpg ;lsG5  cyjf s'F8f]df d'5]/ klg v'jfpg ;lsG5 .  o;/L tfhf o'/Lof v'jfpFbf Pp6f jo:s ufO{e]}+;LnfO{ lbgsf] $)–%) u|fdeGbf a9L jf @–# k|ltzt eGbf a9L o'/Lofsf emf]n k|of]u ug'{ x'Gg .  o'/Lof jf o'/Lofåf/f pkrfl/t k/fn v'cfpFbf l;kmfl/; ul/Psf] dfqf eGbf a9L v'cfpg' x'Gg . a9L dfqfdf o'/Lof vfPdf kz'sf] k]6df cfjZostfeGbf a9Ldfqfdf cdf]lgof ag]/ o'/Lof ljiffSttf x'g ;S5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf kz'n] a9L ¥ofn sf9\g],  gzf afpl8g], Zjf;lng ufX|f] x'g], k]6 km'Ng] / cGtdf kz' dg]{ klg ;Defjgf /xG5 . o;/L o'/Lof ljiffSttf ePdf kz'nfO{ k|z:t kfgL lkpg lbg' kb{5 / cf}ifwLsf] ¿kdf cldnf], Pl;l6s cDn, leg]uf/ cflb v'cfpg' kb{5 .  k

 


 

jif{M ! c°M !)           s[lif klqsf        @)^% ;fn, j}zfv  !^- #)      k[i6 # pGgt v]tL k|ljlw

 

 

/f;folgs dndf x'g] ld;fj6 kQf nufpg] tl/sf

 ;To gf/fo0f d08n, s[lif dGqfno

xfdL sxfF /f;folgs dnsf] sd u'0f:t/ af/] k|foM 6Lsfl6Kk0fL x'g]u/]sf] kfOG5, n6 lk5] ;w}+  /f;folgs dnsf] k|of]uzfnf k/LIf0f ;Dej x'Fb}g t;y{ /f;folgs dndf x'g ;Sg] ld;fj6 kQf nufpg tTsfn tnsf] /f;folgs dn hfFr sL6aS; k|ljlw k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 M /f;folgs dnvfbdf ld;fj6 x'g] ;Defjgfx¿M

!_ o'l/ofdf vfg] g'gsf] ld;fj6, @_ l8=P=lk. Dff df6f] / /s kf:km]6sf] ld;fj6, #_ Do"/]P6 ckm kf]6f;df afn'jf / vfg] g'gsf] ld;fj6, $_ l;+un ;'k/ km:km]6df df6f] / lhK;dsf] ld;fj6 .

s_ o'l/of (Urea) sf] ld;fj6 kQf nufpg] tl/sfM !_ Ps u|fd o'l/of dnnfO{ 6]i66\o"jdf /fVg] . @_ To;df % Pd=Pn= l8l:6n jf6/ /fvL 3f]Ng], #_ ;f] 3f]ndf %–^ yf]kf l;Ne/ gfO6«]6 l/Ph]G6 /fVg] . ca, olb Tof] emf]n ;]tf] afSnf] afbno'Qm emf]ndf k/L0ft eof] eg] o'l/ofdf ld;fj6 5 eGg] a'lemG5 . To:tf] geO{ emf]n ;kmf /x]df o'l/of dndf ld;fj6 5}g eGg] a'e\mg ;lsG5 .

v_ l8=P=lk. (D.A.P.) sf] ld;fj6 kQf nufpg] tl/sfM

klxnf] tl/sfM !_ Ps u|fd lkFw]Psf] l8PkLsf] gd"gfnfO{ 6]i66\o"jdf lng] . @_ % Pd=Pn= l8l:6n kfgL /fvL /fd|/L xNnfpg] . #_ To;df ! Pd=Pn= gfOl6«s Pl;8 /fVg] / xNnfpg] . ca, ;a} yf]s 3'n]/ emf]n kf/bz{s b]lvPdf l8=P=lk= df ld;fj6 5}g . olb 3f]ndf s]xL 3'Ng afFsL rLh /x]df ld;fj6 5 eGg] a'lemG5 .

bf];|f] tl/sfM !_ Ps u|fd lkFw]sf] l8PkLsf] gd"gf lng] ., @_ % Pd=Pn= l8l:6n jf6/ /fvL /fd|/L xNnfpg] lkmN6/ k]k/åf/f pQm emf]nnfO{ 5fGg] , #_ 5flgPsf] emf]ndf Ps Pd=Pn= l;Ne/ gfO6«]6 /fVg] . ca, kx]+nf] 5f]qmf lasl;t x'G5 / pQm 5f]qmf %—^ yf]kf gfOl6«s Pl;8 /fVbf lanfpF5 eg] ;f] dnsf] gd"gfdf km:kmf]/; 5 eGg] lglZrt ug{ ;lsG5 .

t]];|f] tl/sfM yf]/} dfqfdf r'g -SoflN;od cS;fO{8_ nfO{ l8PkLsf] gd'gf;Fu ldnfO{ df8\bf v]/L Pdf]lgofsf] h:tf] uGw cfof] eg] pQm gd"gfdf gfO6«f]hg 5 eGg] lglZrt ug{ ;lsG5 .

u_ Do"l/P6 ckm kf]6f; (MOP) sf] ld;fj6 kQf nufpg] tl/sfM

klxnf] tl/sfM !_ Ps u|fd Do'/]6 ckm\ kf]6f;sf] gd"gfnfO{ 6]i66\o"jdf /fVg], @_ % Pd=Pn= l8l:6n jf6/ /fv]/ /fd|/L xNnfpg] . ca, ;a} j:t' k|foM 3'n]/ s]xL j:t' dfq ;txdf pq]/ j:b5 eg] Tof] kf]6f; z'4 xf] eGg] a'e\mg ;lsG5 . olb s]xL c3'ngzLn j:t' 6]i66\o"jsf] lkFwdf a:of] eg] kf]6f;  df ld;fj6 5 eGg] a'e\mg ;lsG5 .

bf];|f] tl/sfM !_  Ps u|fd Do'/]6 ckm kf]6f;sf] gd"gfnfO{ ljs/df /fVg] . @_ !) Pd=Pn= l8l:6n jf6/ /fVg] / /fd|/L xNnfpg], #_ pQm 3f]nnfO{ lkmN6/ k]k/df 5fGg] . ca, 5flgPsf] emf]ndf %—^ yf]kf sf]afN6 gfO6«fO6 l/Ph]G6 /fVg] . ca, kx]+nf] 5f]qmf lasl;t ePdf gd"gfdf kf]6f; 5 eGg] lglZrt ug{ ;lsG5 .

t]];|f] tl/sfM !_ Ps u|fd Do'/]6 ckm kf]6f;sf] gd"gf las/df lng], @_ % Pd=Pn= l8li6n jf6/ /fvL /fd|/L xNnfO{ 3'nfpg], #_ 3f]nnfO{ lkmN6/ k]k/ åf/f 5fGg], $_ 5flgOPsf] emfn]df @ Pd=Pn= kmf]d{nl8xfO8 /fVg] / % ldg]6 kv{g] . ca, emf]n /ftf] /+udf kl/0ft x'G5 . ! k|ltzt ;f]l8od xfO8«f]S;fO{8 yf]kf yf]kf u/L /fVg] emf]n kx]+nf] /+udf kl/0ft x'G5 . pQm kx]nf] /+ufdf kl/0ft ePsf] emf]ndf Ps Pd=Pn= sf]afN6 gfO{6«fO{6 l/Ph]G6 /fVbf kx]+nf] 5f]qmf lasl;t eof] eg] gd"gfdf kf]6f; /x]sf] lglZrt x'G5 .

3_ l;+un ;'k/ km:km]6 (Single Super Phosphate) sf] ld;fj6 kQf nufpg] tl/sfM !_ Ps u|fd l;Ën ;'k/ km:km]6 dn 6]i6 6\o'jdf lng] , @_ % Pd=Pn= l8li6n jf6/ /fVg] / xNnfpg] . To;kl5 5fGg], #_ %—^ yf]kf l;Ne/ gfO6«]6sf] 3f]n /fVg] . ca, kx]+nf] 5f]qmf b]lvof] eg] km:kmf]/; ePsf] hfgsf/L x'G5 .  To;kl5 %—^ yf]kf gfO{l6«s Pl;8 Tof] 5f]qmfdf ld;fof] eg] b"w h:tf] 3f]n aGb5 . kx]+nf] 5f]qmf ePg eg] km:km]6 gePsf] / ld;fj6 ePsf] z+sf x'G5 .

 

ls6 aS; åf/f /f;folgs dndf x'g] ld;fj6 hfFRg] tl/sfsf ;d:ofx¿M

s_ of] Pp6f ld;fj6 hfFRg] ;/n tl/sf dfq xf] / of] k|of]uzfnf k/LIf0fsf] ljsNk eg]  xf]Og ., v_ ls6 aS;af6 ld;fj6 kfOPsf] dnsf] gd'gfsf] k|of]uzfnf k/LIf0faf6 k"0f{ k|dfl0ft ug{ ;lsG5, u_  t/ ls6 aS;af6 7Ls e]l6Psf gd'gfx¿ klg k|of]uzfnf k/LIf0faf6 unt 7xl/g ;Sb5g\ . $_ o;/L  ls6 aS;af6 hfFRg] dnsf] u"0ffTds  k/LIf0f dfq x'g;S5 . k

 

 

 

skmL v]tLM

k|d'v xflgsf/s sL/fx¿ / Joj:yfkg

– o1 k|;fb lu/L, ;'lgn cof{n, sL6 lj1fg dxfzfvf, g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\  

kl/ro M ;j{k|yd ;g\ !($$ df ;Gt >L lx/f lu/Lsf] JolQmut k|of;df adf{af6 g]kfndf skmL lelqof] / u'NdL lhNnfsf] cfFkrf}/df skmL v]tLsf] ;'?jft ul/of]] . xfn g]kfn clw/fHosf] klZrdf~rn / dWodf~rn ljsf; If]qsf PSsfO; lhNnfx¿df skmL v]tL Jofj;flos :t/d} km}ln;s]sf] 5 . g]kfndf skmL v]tL ul/Psf] hdLgs]f If]qkmn &^$ x]S6/ eGbf a9L / ;fnfvfnf jflif{s pTkfbg !*& d]6«s 6g -;'s]sf] bfgf_ /x]sf] b]lvG5 . cfly{s jif{ @)%* df skmLsf] ;fnfvfnf /fli6«o pTkfbsTj @#) lsnf]u|fd k|lt x]S6/ /x]sf] b]lvG5 . Psflt/ skmLsf] pTkfbsTj a9fpg ;lsg] k|z:t ;Defjgfx¿ 5g\ eg] csf]{lt/ skmLsf] pTkfbgdf c;/ kfg]{ Jojwfgx¿ klg 5g\ . tL dWo] sL/fsf] sf/0fn] skmLsf] pTkfbgdf x'g] Iflt Pp6f k|d'v Jojwfg xf] . g]kfnsf] h}ljs -cuf{lgs_ skmL v]tLsf] ;Gb{edf, k|d'v b]lvPsf xflgsf/s sL/fx¿ / ltgsf] Joj:yfkgsf] af/]df oxfF rrf{ ul/g] 5 .

!= skmLsf] ;]tf] ujf/f]M of] vk6] ju{df kg]{ s8f k|s[ltsf] sL/f xf] . o;sf] k|sf]k ;d'b|L;txb]lv !))) ld6/ eGbf sd prfO{ ePsf :yfgx¿df a9L 5 . xfn;fn} ul/Psf] cWoogsf] cfwf/df o; sL/fdf b'O{j6f k|hfltx¿sf] klxrfg ul/Psf] 5 . logLx¿ Nffdf] / l;lnSs k/]sf] zf/Ll/s agf]6 ePsf x'G5g\ . Snf]/f]kmf]/; Pg'n]6; -lrq g= !_ gfdsf] k|hfltsf] cluNnf] kv]6f sfnf]df ;]tf] kf6f ePsf] / hfOnf]l6«s; ;]dfO{  gfdsf] k|hfltsf] cl3Nnf] kv]6f v}/f]df ;]tf] kf6f ePsf] x'G5 . logsf nfe|]x¿ -lrq g= @_ skmLsf] sf08sf] leqL efu vfO/x]sf] cj:yfdf e]l6G5g\ . logsf] z/L/ gf}gL h:tf] ;]tf]]  /+Ësf] x'G5, To;}n] o;nfO{ ;]tf] ujf/f] elgPsf] xf] . nfe|]sf] 6fpsf] eg] uf9f v}/f] /+usf] xG5 .  logsf Ko"kfsf] z/L/ gf}gL h:tf] ;]tf]]  /Ësf] / z/L/sf] kl5Nnf] efu ltvfl/Psf] / dWo efu  km/flsnf] x'G5 . o; afx]s g]kfndf hfOnf]l6«s; Sjfl8«k; k|hftLsf skmLsf] ujf/f]sf] ;d]t k|sf]k b]lvPsf]] 5 . logsf jo:sx¿ Kffl/nf] / pHofnf] jftfj/0fdf a9L ;lqmo x'G5g\ . kf]yL ujf/f]x¿n] efn];+u ;+;u{ ul/;s] kl5 km'n kfg{sf] nflu v;|f] af]qmf ePsf], / ;'o{sf] k|sfzdf k|ToIf ;Dks{ ePsf] sf08 jf d'Vo xfFufx¿nfO{ /f]Hb5g\ / sf08 jf xfFufsf af]qmfsf] r/leq km'n kfb{5g\ . km'n sf]/lnPkl5 logsf nfe|]x¿ s]xL dlxgf;Dd af]6sf] aflx/L af]qmf vfP/ a:b5g\ . To;kl5 sf08 jf k|d'v xfFufsf] leq k;]/ s8f sf7 vfg yfNb5g\ . logn] vfg] qmddf ;'?Ë agfpFb} hfG5g\ / cfkm\gf] la:6fn] s8f tl/sfn] ;'?Ë k'b}{ klg hfG5g\ .

logLx¿ vfg] qmddf dflyNnf] efu b]lv ;''? u/]/ h/flt/ uPsf] b]lvG5 . a9L k|sf]k ePsf] cj:yfdf, logn] cfqmd0f u/]sf] af]6 lr/]/ x]bf{ h/fx¿ ;Ddg}] ;'?Ëx¿ 5\of;—5\of:tL e]l6G5g\ . nfe|]x¿ nfdf] ;do ;Dd o;/L g} sf08sf] leqL s8f sf7 vfO/xG5g t/ Ko"kf cj:yfdf eg] sf08sf] ;txL efult/ cfP/ ;'/lIft sf]7f agfP/ a:b5g\ . Ko'kfaf6 jo:s alg;s] kl5 klg s]xL lbg ;'?Ë leq latfP/, aflx/ lg:sg] Kjfn agfO{ aflx/ cfpF5g\ . logLx¿sf] hLjgrqm ;fdfGo cj:yfdf ;fnfvfnf Ps jif{sf] x'g] u/]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] kl/k]Iodf tfkqmd tyf xfjfkfgLsf] ljljwtfn] logsf] hLjgrqmdf s] s:tf] c;/ kf5{ eGg] cWoog ug{ aFfsL g} 5 . cfqmd0fsf] nIf0f M ;]tf] ujf/f]n] cfqmd0f u/]sf skmLsf af]6sf sf08 jf k|d'v xfFuf jl/kl/sf af]qmf rs{]sf] / p7]sf] b]lvG5 . af]6x¿df cf]OnfP/ lj:tf/} ;'Sb} hfg] nIf0f b]vf k5{ -lrq g= #_ . jiff{t kl5 klg o; lsl;dsf] l:yltdf ;'wf/ gcfPdf of] ;]tf] ujf/f]sf] k|sf]ksf] nIf0f xf] eg]/ a'´\g' kb{5 . skmLsf] af]6sf] pd]/ &–* jif{ k'u]kl5 o;sf] ;Defjgf a9\5 . ;]tf] ujf/f]n] cfqmd0f u/]sf af]6x¿ tfGof] eg] ;lhn};Fu efFlrG5g\ . o;/L efFlrPsf af]6sf] sf08 jf xfFufleq lr/]/ x]bf{ k|foM nfe|]x¿ vfO/x]sf] cj:yfdf e]l6G5g\ . Joj:yfkg M skmLsf] ;]tf] ujf/f]sf] Joj:yfkgsf] nflu lgDglnlvt /f]syfdsf pkfox¿ ckgfpg' Hofb} dxTjk"0f{ x'G5g\M s_ au}+rfdf pko'Qm 5xf/Lsf] Joj:yf ug]{ lsgeg] kf/Lnf] / pHofnf] jftfj/0fn] ujf/f]sf] ;+Vof j[l¢nfO{ ;3fpF5 , v_ ujf/f]n] cfqmd0f u/]sf af]6x¿ sf6\g] jf pvNg] / sL/f ;lxt gi6 ug]{ . ujf/f]sf nfe|]x¿ ePsf] af]6x¿nfO{ bfp/fsf] nflu of cGo s'g} k|of]hgsf] nflu Tolts} /flv 5f]8]df To;jf6 ujf/f]sf] cfufdL k':tf lg:s]/ km}lng ;S5, u_ sf08 jf xfFufsf] v;|f] af]qmf af]/fsf] 6'qmf jf cGo s'g} v;|f] j:t'n] 3f]6]/ lrNnf] agfpg kb{5 . lrNnf] ;txdf ujf/f]n] km'n kfg{ dg k/fpb}g / km'n kfl/xfn] klg af]qmfdf 6fF;Lg g;sL e'FO{df v;]/ gi6 x'G5 . af]6sf] af]qmf 3f]6]/ lrNnf] kfbf{ af]qmfsf] xl/of] efunfO{ eg] xfgL k'¥ofpg' x'Fb}g\ , u_ skmLsf] sf08 / k|d'v xfFufdf gLddf cfwfl/t sL6 gfzs ljifflbsf] emf]n 5g{ ;lsG5 . o;sf] nlu dfuf]{;f]d jf cGo s'g} gLddf cfwfl/t Jofj;flos pTkfbgsf] )=)#% sf] b/n] kfgLdf 3f]n agfO{ k|of]u ug' kb{5 .

 

 

lrq g+ != Snf]/f]kmf]/; Pg'n]6; k|hftLsf] ;]tf] ujf/f]sf] jo:s