s[lif klqsf

jif{M ! c°M !! s[lif klqsf  -@)^% ;fn, h]i7 !–!% (14 May -28 may, 2008) d"NoM Psk|lt ¿M!) -jflif{sM ? @@%_

cfo'j]{b / h8La'6L;DaGwL sfo{qmd

–lbk]Gb| e08f/L, s~rgk'/

dxfsfnL c~rn cfo'j]{b cf}ifwfno, dx]Gb|gu/, s~rgk'/df h8La'6L;DaGwL Pslbg] hgr]tgfd"ns sfo{qmd oxL j}zfv @@ ut] ;DkGg ul/of] . pSt sfo{qmddf s[lif, jg tyf h8La'6L;u+;DaGwL s~rgk'/ lhNnfsf @) hgf JolStx¿ ;xefuL ePsf lyP . ;f] sfo{qmddf ;xefuLx¿nfO{ h8La'6Lsf] klxrfg, ;/+If0f tyf ljleGg /f]ux¿df ltgsf] pkof]usf] af/]df hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] lyof] . h8La'6L ljifodf k|lzIf0f cf}ifwfnosf 8f=vu]Gb| ad, clws[tx¿ pd]z k|= zfx / lzj gf/fo0f zfxn] lbg' ePsf] lyof] .  ;f] sfo{qmddf ;xefuLsf tkm{af6 h8La'6L;DaGwL ljleGg lh1f;fx¿ /flvg'sf ;fy} cg'ejx¿ cfbfgk|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] . k

ofs rLh dfq xf]Og ca ofsrf}+/Lsf] cfnf] /ut klg

  n]sfnL e]sdf k/+k/ut ¿kdf ofs, rf}F/L, ufO{a:t', e]F8f, afv|f tyf cGo kz'kfng ul/G5 . ofs, gfs, rf}+/L pRr lxdfnL e]sdf dfq kfNg ;lsg] lxdfnL hGt' xf] . xfn pRr lxdfnL lhNnfx¿df kz'cfxf/f tyf r/gsf] cefj, yf]/} cfo tyf si6s/ kz'kfng k|ljlwsf sf/0f ofsrf}+/L kfngsf] k]zf ;+s6df kb}{ uPsf] 5 .

g]kfnsf] æofs rLhÆ ljZj k|lz4 5 . ofs rLh elg gfd sdfPsf] b'UwhGo kbfy{ jf:tjdf ægfs rLhÆ xf] . efn]nfO{ ofs,  kf]yLnfO{ gfs / ofs / lxdfnL ufO{sf] vRr8 kf]yL ;GtfgnfO{ rf}+/L elgG5 .

g]kfnsf pRr lxdfnL e]ssf sl/a @@ lhNnfdf ofsrf}+/L kflnG5g\ / xfn g]kfndf sl/a (%,))) ofs,gfs rf}+/L /x]sf] cg'dfg 5 . ut s]xL bzs otf ofsgfssf] ;ªVof ck|Tofl;t ¿kdf 36\b} uPsf] 5 . ofsgfs lxdfnL xfjfkfgLdfdfq afFRg ;Sg] tyf @))) ld6/eGbf tnsf] If]qdf afFRg g;Sg] ePsf]n] lxdfnL If]qdfdfq rf}+/Lkfng ul/G5 . ofsrf}+/LnfO{ 3'DtL uf]7k|0ffnL cGt/ut kfng ul/g] / udL{ df};d;+u;u}+ ofsrf}+/L tNnf] e]uaf6 qmdz dflyNnf] vs{x¿df r/fpFb} nlug] ul/G5 . lxpF kg{ ;'? x'g nfu]kl5 km]/L tNnf] e]sdf a:tL j/k/ cjl:yt hËn tyf vs{x¿ NofOg] k|yf /lxcfPsf] 5 .

ofsrf}+/Laf6 b"wdfq xf]Og, pRr lxdfnL r'r'/f];Dd cf/f]xLsf] dfn;fdfg k'¥ofpg 9'jfgLsf] ;fwg, rd/, 5fnf sf] ;|f]t tyf s[lifsfo{sf] nflu k|of]u x'g] ub{5 . lxdfnL e]sdf ofsrf}+/Lsf] cfnf] /utklg lkpg] ul/G5 . n]sdf kNxfPsf kf]lifnf 3fF; tyf lxdfnLe]usf h8La'6Lx¿ vfP/ kf]lifPsf hLljt ofsrf}+/Lsf] 3fFl6sf] gzfdf sf6]/ jif{df b'O{ k6s j}zfv / ;fpg dlxgfdf ærf}+/L d]nfÆsf] cfof]hgf u/L rf}+/Lsf] cfnf] /ut lgsflnG5 / tfttft} lkpg] ul/G5 . xfn}, of] rf}+/L d]nf xfn} d':tfª tyf DofUbLsf] pRr lxdfnL e]sdf cjl:yt dfr]{, d'nL, sf]cfª vs{df ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . n]sdf gofF kNxfPsf ofrf{u'Daf tyf cGo h8La'6L vfPsf ofsrf}+/Lsf] /ut lgs} kf]lifnf] tyf of}g zlQmjw{s ePsf] hgljZjf;sf] cfwf/df lxdfnL e]usf afl;Gbf jfx]s cGoIf]qsf dflg;x¿n] klg cfnf] /ut lkpg] ub{5g\ . xfn cfnf] /utsf] laqmL lxdfnL If]qsf kz'kfnsx¿sf nflu yk cfocfh{gsf] j}slNks ;|f]tsf] ¿kdf  ljsl;t x'Fb} uPsf] 5 . lxdfnL If]qdf kz'cfxf/fsf] cTolws sdL tyf Go"g Joj:yfkgsf] sf/0f  w]/}h;f] kfNt' kz'x¿ ljleGg /f]u ljz]iftM Ifo /f]usf lzsf/ ePsf / o:tf] kz'sf] cfnf] /ut lkPdf dflg;df klg /f]u ;g{;Sg] ;Defjgf /x]sf] x'Fbf :jf:Yo kz'sf]dfq cfnf] /ut lkpg] Joj:yf ul/g' kb{5 .  k

s[lif qmflGtsf nflu s[lif cg';GwfgM

g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\sf] jflif{sf]T;jM

oxL j}zfv @% ut] g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\ !^ jif{ k"/f u/]/ !& cf}+ jif{df k|j]z u/]sf] 5 . o;} ;Gbe{df gfs{n] j}zfv @$ ut] kqsf/ ;Dd]ng tyf @% ut] jflif{sf]]T;jsf] cfof]hgf u/]/ dgfPsf] 5 .  kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf ;+rf/, k|sfzg tyf clen]v zfvfsf k|d'v jl/i6 j}1flgs >L ef]nfdfg l;+x a:g]tn] gfs{sf] :yfkgf ;DaGwL hfgsf/L tyf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs 8fS6/ gGb k|;fb >]i7n] gfs{sf] cg';GwfgfTds ultljlwaf/] hfgsf/L lbg' ePsf] lyof] . ;Dd]ngdf kqsf/x¿n] /fv]sf] lh1fzfsf] pQ/ lbg]qmddf >]i7n] ljZj vfB;+s6 tyf To;sf] g]kfndf c;/, s[lif k|ljlw ls;fg;Dd k'Ug g;s]sf] tyf gfs{nfO{ dflgt -l8d8\_ o'lgel;{8Lsf] ¿kdf ljsf; ug]{, gfs{sf] Joj:yfkg l5d]sL b]zsf] cfO;LPcf/sf] df]8]ndf ljsl;t ug]{ hfgsf/L u/fpg' ePsf]] lyof] .

bf];|f] lbg, jflif{sf]T;jsf] pknIodf s[lif cg';Gwfgsf] If]qdf ljsf; ul/Psf pGgt k|ljlw ljz]iftM df5f, cfn', pGgt aLpljhg, s[lif oGq, 3fF;afnL ;DaGwL k|bzg sIf /flvg'sf ;fy} ljleGg ljBf -6«fp6 df5f, gZn ;'wfl/sf] afv|f, ;fd'bflos ds} aLp pTkfbg, ;fd'bflos aLp ;/+If0f cflbIf]q_ df ljlzi6 of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf  s[ifs÷;d"xnfO{ k'/:s[t ul/Psf] lyof] .

pQm cj;/df s[lif cg';Gwfgsf] If]qdf ljlzi6 of]ubfg k'¥ofpg' ePsf j}1flgsx¿ -s=kxf8L afnL wfg cg';GwfgdfM 8f s]bf/ sfsL{, v= kz' lj1fgdfM 8f= ;'j0f{nfn >]i7, u=RofpdfM 8f= s]z/L nIdL dfgGw/, 3= uf]j/Uof;dfM 8f= cd[t axfb'/ sfsL{, afujfgLdfM 8f = /fdabg zfx, tyf g]kfn s[lif klqsf/ ;dfhsf z'af]w uf}tdnfO{ klZdgfsf] vf:6f] cf]9fP/ Gofgf] kl/Psf] lyof] . clg gfs{df @% jif{;Dd ;]jf k'¥ofPsf sd{rf/L tyf j}1flgsx¿nfO{ klg sb/ ul/Psf] lyof] .

jflif{sf]T;j ;df/f]xdf /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf dfggLo ;b:o >L eLd Gof}kfg], Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf  ;efd'v >L ;'jf; g]DjfË, s[lif tyf ;xsf/L ;lrj >L lbjfs/ kf}8]n, okmPcf]sL a'O nfgn] cfkm\gf dGtJo /fVg' ePsf] lyof] . ;/sf/L lgsfo, cGt/fli6««o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿sf] pkl:yltdf s[lifsf ljsf;sf nflu nufgL 36b} uPsf] u'gf;fx¿ cleJoQm ub}{ kqsf/x¿df s[lifIf]qdf ;/sf/n] sd nugL u/]sf] sf/0f s[lifIf]q kl5k/]sf] xf] tYo k|sfzgdf Nofpg ljz]if ¿kdf cg'/f]w ul/Psf] lyof] . jflif{sf]T;jdf elnjn, Aof8ldG6g tyf l/n] Do'lhsn r]o/sf] cfof]hgf tyf k'/:sf/sf] Joj:yf u/]/ :j:Yo lbdfssf nflu :j:Yo z/L/ cfjZos x'G5 eGg] ;Gb]z lbPsf] cg'e"lt x'GYof] .

gofF g]kfnsf] lgdf0f{sf nflu s[lif If]qsf] ljsf; ckl/xfo{ /x]sf] 5 clg s[lifIf]qsf] ljsf;sf nflu pRr k|ljlwsf] ljsf;, To;sf nflu cfjZos hgzlQm tyf cg';Gwfgaf6 k|fKt glthfnfO{ s[ifs:t/ ;Dd kx'Fr u/fpg s[lif ljefu÷kz';]jf ljefusf] ;lqmo ;xof]u tyf ;dGjo clt cfjZos x'G5 . t/ o:tf] jflif{sf]T;jsf] sfo{qmddf ljz]iftM s[lif / kz' lj1fg cWoog ;+:yfg /fdk'/, s[lif ljefu, kz' ;]jf ljefu, g]kfn /fli6«o lj1fg k|lti7fg tyf s[lif cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf;df ;lqmo of]ubfg k'¥ofpg] lgsfox¿sf]  ;xeflutf s]jn Ps bz{ssf] ¿kdf dfqx'g'df s[lifIf]qsf lj1x¿n]  cy{k"0f{ ¿kdf lnPsf 5g\ .  æs[lif cg';Gwfgdf ;+nUg lgsfo gfs{, pRr:t/sf] hgzlQm pTkfbg ug]{ z}lIfs ;+:yf s[lif SofDk; / k|rf/k|;f/sf] ;Dk"0f{ lhDd]jf/L lnPsf] s[lif / kz';]jf ljefudf bX|f] ;xeflutf, ;djGjo geP;Dd ls;fgn] s;/L prLt ;]jf kfpg ;S5 / s[lif / ls;fgsf] enf] x'G5 < ls;fgsf] ljsf; / s[lif qmflGt ;kmn x'G5 < -yk hfgsf/L k[i7 @ / ^df_ k

æljZj Jofkf/ tyf ul/aL lgjf/0fdf kz'lrlsT;sM  

cf7f}+ kz' lrlsT;s ;Dd]ng, e]6sg Ú)*

g]kfn e]6]l/g/L P;f]l;Pzgn] oxL j}zfv @^ b]lv tLglbg] /fli6«o ;Dd]ngsf] cfof]hgf u/]sf] 5 . kz'lrlsT;f If]qdf sfdug]{, slDtdf e]6]l/g/L ljifo lnO{ :gfts u/]sf o; P;f]lzPzgsf ;b:o x'g;Sg] k|fjwfg cg'?k xfn o; P;f]lzPzgdf sl/a $%) ;b:ox¿sf] /x]sf 5g\ . æljZj Jofkf/ tyf ul/aL lgjf/0fdf kz'lrlsT;s -Veterinnarian in Global Trade and Poverty Alleviation_ sf] gf/f ;fy z'ef/De ePsf] e]6sg Ú)* sf] pb3f6g sfo{qmddf kz' lrlsT;fsf] If]qdf ljlzi7 of]ubfg k'¥ofpg] 5 hgf kz' lrlsT;sx¿nfO{ æogeLP nfOkm 6fOd Plred]06 Pjf8{Æ k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] . h'gf]lz; /f]udf of]ubfg k'¥ofP jfkt 8f= b'uf{bQ hf]zLnfO{,  jGohGt'sf] /f]u lgoGq0faf/] 8f= d'lQmgf/fo0f >]i7, oghLcf]÷cfOoghLcf]df kz' /f]uaf/] sfo{qmdsfnflu 8f= t'n;L >]i7, k|mf]h]g l;d]g k|ljlwaf/] 8f= ;'/]Gb| >]i7, s'v'/fsf] gZn ;'wf/af/] 8f= t]h axfb'/ a:g]t / g]kfndf kz'x¿sf] vf]k pTkfbg af/] 8f d+s]Zj/ gfy kf08] x'g'x'G5 . pxfFx¿sf] of]ubfgsf] sb/ ub}{ of] s[lif klqsf klg xflb{s awfO{ 1fkg ub{5 .  To:t} kz' :jf:Yosf] If]qdf ljlzi7 of]ubfg k'¥ofpg] kz' lrlsT;s tyf Joj;foLx¿nfO{ g]kfn e]6]l/g/L /fli6«o k'/:sf/, g/]Gb| d]df]l/on k'/:sf/, kz'wg Pjf8{ cflb k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] .  

;Dd]ngdf kz'kIfL /f]ux¿ ;DaGwL sfo{kq k|:t't ul/g'sf ;fy} gofF sfo{;ldltsf] rog ul/Psf] lyof] . ;Dd]ngdf P;f]l;Pzgsf gofF sfo{;ldlt 8f cfbz{ k|wfgsf] g]t[Tjdf rog ul/Psf] 5 k

ljZjJofkL vfBfGg ;+s6M g]kfnsf] dxFuL

s]xL bzs otf g]kfn vfBfGg ;+s6 u|:t /fi6«sf] ¿kdf bl/Psf] 5 . t/fO{sf lhNnf jfx]s kxf8 / k|foM ;a}h;f] lxdfnL lhNnfx¿ vfBfGg Go"g lhNnfx¿ x'g\ . s]xL lbg otf, b]zleq vfBfGgsf] cfGtl/s dfu k"/f ug{ g;Sg] cj:yf x'Fbfx'Fb} klg g]kfnaf6 pNn]Vo dfqfdf vfBfGg tyf vfBfGghGo kbfy{ ljz]iftM ux'F l5d]sL b]z aªnfb]zdf lgsf;L eO/x]sf] 5 . o;/L ljb]zsf] lgsf;Ln] pTkfbgstf{ ls;fg tyf Jofkf/L b'j} s]xL nfedf lyP . t/ d}bf tyf cGo vfB ;fdfu|Lx¿sf] efp ztk|ltzt a9\g uPsf]df ;j{;fwf/0f wfGg}g;Sg] u/L cfly{s df/df k/]sf lyP÷5g\ .

xfn ljZjJofkL vfBfGgsf] ;+s6 b]vfk/]sf] 5 / ljZj ahf/df vfBfGgsf] d"No cfsflzP/ uPsf] 5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf,  l5d]sL b]z ef/t, a+ªnfb]z tyf cGo d'n'sx¿n] vfBfGg ahf/ ;+/If0f ug]{ gLlt ckgfP/ cfkm\gf] b]zx¿af6 vfBfGg lgsf;Ldf lgoGq0f u/]sf 5g\ . t/ g]kfnaf6 7"nf] kl/0ffddf vfBfGg ljz]iftM ux'F lgsf;Ldf s]xL ;dootf j[l4 ePsf] lyof] . xfn, o:tf] d"No j[l4nfO{ /f]s nufpg xfn pBf]u, jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt{ dGqfnon] ut !* j}zfv @)^% b]lv wfg,rfdn / ux'F lgsf;Ldf /f]s nufPsf] 5 .

g]kfndf sl/a $# nfv 6g wfg, !^ nfv 6g ux'F pTkfbg ePsf]df c? cGgafnL ds}, sf]bf], hf} cflb u//] klg s'n hg;ªVofnfO{ cfjZos kg]{ cGgsf] cfjZos dfqf eGbf s]xL ck'u ePsf]n] g]kfndf vfBfGg Go"g x'g] ub{5 . s]xL xKtf leqsf] cjlwdfdfq k"jL{ gfsf sfFs/le6faf6 sl/a Psnfv 6g ux'F lgsf;L ePsf] va/ 5 / of] qmd oyfjt /x]df g]kfndf uxF' tyf cGo vfBfGgsf] e08f/ cem l/lQg] ePsf] ts{ cl3;f/]/ ;/sf/n]  cGg lgsf;Ldf /f]s nufPsf] xf] .

o; jif{ ljZj ahf/df wfg, ux'F, ds}sf] d"No kf]x/ eGbf 8an -rfdn o"o; 8n/ $)) k|lt 6g af6 &)) 8n/, ux'F @)) af6 $)) 8n/ k|lt 6g_ k'u]sf] 5 . o;/L d"No j[l4 x'g'sf d'Vo sf/0f ljZjdf vfBfGgsf] pTkfbg sd x'g'sf ;fy} h}ljs OGwg agfpg vfBfGgsf] k|of]u x'g yfn] kl5 vfBfGg ;+s6 cem a9L ulxl/Psf] xf] . cGgsf] ;+s6u|:t cj:yfdf aflx/af6 vfBfGg gcfpg] clg g]kfndf ePsf] pTkfbg klg ljb]z lt/ lgsf;L ul/+bf g]kfndf vfBfGg ;+s6 cem ulxl/g ;Sb5 . t/ lgsf;L Jofkf/ km:6fpg uO{ ck|ToIf kmfobf ls;fgn] kfpg;Sg] ;Defjgf /xG5 . o;/L vfBfGgsf] d"No j[l4af6 ;a}eGbf ul/a s'n'sx¿ cfly{s df/df k/]sf 5g\ . cfDbfgLsf] ;|f]t 36b} hfg] / vfBfGgsf] d"No cfslzb} hfFbf ;j{;fwf/0f ljz]iftM ul/a hgtfdf s'kf]if0f, ef]sd/L cj:yf cfpg ;Sg] ePsf]n] ;dod} vfBfGgsf] d"No lgoGq0f, ul/a hgtfnfO{ vfB;fdfu|Ldf /fxt /fxtsf ;fy} 5f]6f] ;dodf pTkfbg lbg] vfBfGgafnLx¿ nufpg ljz]if sfo{qmd tyf bL3{sfnLg ¿kdf vfBfGgsf] pTkfbg tyf pTkfbTj a9fpg] sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g' clt cfjZos /x]sf] 5 . k

jif{M ! cÍM !! s[lif klqsf -@)^% ;fn, h]i7 !– !% _      k[i6 @ u|fdL0f ÷s[lifcy{÷hLljsf

s[lif lrGtg ======

s[lif qmflGt÷cfly{s qmflGt s;/L ;Dej x'G5 g]kfndf <

·       clxn] cfly{s qmflGt, s[lif qmflGtsf s'/f rn]sf] 5, nx/ rn]sf] 5 . w]/}n] eGb5g\ cfly{s ;'wf/ g]kfndf olt ;lhnf] 5}g, t'/Gt x'g ;Sb}g . k};fsf] vf]nf gaufO cfly{s qmflGt ;Dej 5}g . t/ w]/}n] ;f]+Rb5g\ / eGb5g\ æg]kfndf ca cfly{s sfofkn6 x'G5 . cfly{s rdTsf/ x'G5Æ < ts{ lbOG5, g]kfn hn;|f]tsf] wgL b]z xf],  h}ljs ljljwtfsf] b]z xf] . g]kfndf ko{6gsf] ljsf; u/]/, ax'd"No h8La'6Lx¿ lgof{t u/]/ cfly{s qmflGt ug{ ;lsG5 .

·       eGg] / ;f]+Rg]sf, ;lsg] / g;lsg]sf cfcfˆgf æts{Æ, cfcfˆgf æof]hgfÆ, cfcfˆgf æ/0fgLltÆ x¿ xf]nfg÷5g\ < Pp6f s'/f s] la;{g' x'Gg eg]+ g]kfn ls;fgx¿sf] b]z xf] . g]kfn s[lif k|wfg b]z xf] . Ps x]S6/ eGbf ;fgf] hldgsf] 6'qmdf cfl>t 5g\ tLg tLg k':tf -afh], af / 5f]/f_ < sl/a #$ nfv kl/jf/ s[lifdf cfwfl/t 5g\, hg;ªVofsf] sl/a ^^ k|ltzt . 

·       s[lifhGo pTkfbgn] b]zsf] cfGtl/s dfu k'/f ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . k]6 ef]sf] 5 . w]/}h;f] kxf8L lhNnfx¿ vfBfGg Go'g If]qx¿ dflgG5g\ . aflx/af6 vfBfGg cfk"lt{ geP;Dd vfBfGg z'lglZrttf x'Gg . xfnsf] ljZjJofkL vfBfGg ;+s6 tyf d"Noj[l4sf] c;/ g]kfndf k|ToIf ¿kdf k/]sf] 5 . vfBfGgsf] efp cfsflzPsf] 5 . l5d]sL b]zaf6 vfBfGg cfpg aGb ePkl5 g]kfnn] klg cGgsf] lgof{tdf s]xL /f]s nufPsf] 5 .

·       g]kfn Ps jif{leq vfBfGg lgof{ts b]z aGg ;Sb5, olb rfx]df . xf], vfBfGgsf] a9L pTkfbgsf nflu s'n v]tLof]Uo hUufsf] If]qkmn a9fpg] ;lsg] ;Defjgf 5|}g . t/ ljleGg afnLsf] pTkfbsTj, afnLsf] ;3gtf a9fpg ;lsg] k|z:t ;Defjgfx¿ 5g\ . pbfx/0fsf nflu olb wfgs]f pTkfbsTj dfq} klg ;/b/ pTkfbsTj @=^ 6g k|lt x]S6/af6 ljZjsf] cf};t pTkfbg $=! 6g k|lt x]S6/ agfpg ;lsPdf g]kfnsf] vfBfGg ;+s6 rf/ dlxgfdf g} ;dfwfg x'g ;S5 . w]/} 6f9f hfg' kb}{g, oxLF eStk'/sf ls;fgx¿n] cf};t k|lt x]S6/ ^ 6g wfg pTkfbg ul//x]sf 5g\, jf/fsf ls;fgn] sl/a sl/a rf/ -$_ 6g k|lt x]S6/ wfgsf] pTkfbg lnO/x]sf 5g\ .

·       vfBfGg afnLsf] ;3gtf j[l4 ug]{ k|z:t 7fpF 5 . g]kfndf xfn sl/a #! nfv x]S6/ v]tL ul/g] hUuf 5 . h;df wfg– rf}w nfv x]S6/df, ds}– gf} nfv x]S6/df, ux'F –;ft nfv x]S6/df, cfn'– Psnfv rf}jGg xhf/ x]S6/df dfq ul/G5 . oL afnLx¿ nufOg]  If]qkmn / pTkfbsTj 5 dlxgf leqdf b'O{ b]lv bz u'gf;Dd lj:tf/ ug{ ;lsG5 .

·       xfdL;+u clxn] sl/a @) nfv -gf}nfv b'x'gL ufO{ / !! nfv b'x'gL  e}+;L_ af6 jfli{fs b"wsf] pTkfbg sl/a !$ nfv 6g e}/x]sf] 5 . oL b"xgL ufO{ / e}+;Lsf nflu xfdLn] v]/ uPsf, afFemf] ktL{ /x]sf hUuf, ;fd'bflos jg tyf cfcfˆgf] v]taf/Ldf Pp6f ;fgf] 3fF;af/L nufP/ xl/of] 3fF;sf] hf]xf] ug{ ;s]df dfq klg clxn]sf] b"w pTkfbg tLg u'gf a9fpg ;lsG5 .

·       of] s'g} rdTsf/ xf]Og -xfdL dfgjLo >d, sd{ / k|ltj4tfsf] s'/f ub}{5f}+_ .  s]jn rflxG5 b]z agfpg] pT;fx, nugzLntf / b]z k|lt k|ltj4tf clg s8f kl/>d . nfdf] cjlwsf] cg';Gwfg u/]/ k|ljlw ljsf; ug]{, sd{rf/L tGq ;'b[9 ug]{ clg s[lif ljsf:g] ;f]+r, cfly{s÷Joj;foLs/0f ug]{ ;f]+r k'/fgf s'/f x'g ;S5g\ . o;df cndnlnPdf kf]v/Ldf hd]sf] kfgL h:tf] g]kfn km]l/ b'u{lGwt x'g ;Sb5 .

·       clxn]sf] cj:yfdf cf};t g]kfnLn] b"w / eft k]6el/ vfg kfPdf s] vf]Hg] < s]jn vfFrf] 5 sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf ul/g] wfgv]tL ug]{] ;Lk b]zsf] ;a} efudf k'¥ofpg] . Onfdsf b"w ls;fgn] ckgfPsf] k|ljlw b]zsf ;a} kz'kfnsn] cjnDjg ug]{ .

·       ca w]/} s'g]{, ;+od klg 5}g\ ;do klg 5}g, vfFrf] klg 5}g . b'O{lt/ ljzfn b]z 5g\– rLg / ef/t . ljZjsf cu|0fL, pRr cfly{s j[l4b/ xfl;n ul//x]sf b]zx¿ . ljZj k|ljlw / s[lif ljsf;sf] If]qdf pbfx/0fLo sfd u/]sfx¿ . ltgLx¿n] xfn;Dd s] s] /fd|f sfd u/]sf 5g\, s;/L ;kmntf xfl;n u/]sf 5g\, pko'Qm k|ljlw s] s] x'g < Tof] ;f6\g ;lsGg / < k}Frf] lng ;lsGg /< t/ o;f] ubf{ cfˆgf df}lns cg';Gwfgdf lbOg] k|fyldstf /f]lsg' x'Gg .

·       s[lifsf] cfwf/ alnof] agfP kl5 s[lifhGo pBf]usf] yfngL ul/g' kb{5 . s[lifIf]qsf hgzlStnfO{ qmlds ¿kdf pBf]ult/ nufgL u/]/ s[lifdf cfwfl/t pBf]usf] ljsf:g' kb{5 . s[lif;+u} h8La'6L, h}ljs ljljwtf, ko{6gsf] ljsf; ul/g' kb{5 . t/fO{–kxf8 v]Ng] / t/fO{–kxf8 3'Dg] snfsf] ljsf; ul/g' kb{5 .

·       cfly{s qmflGt c?sf] a'O{ r9]/ jf s;}n] pkxf/df lbP/ cfpFb}g\ . xfdL b]zsf] ljsf;, s[lifsf] ljsf;, ls;fgsf] ljsf;, cfˆgf] ljsf; cfkm} ug{ ;Ifd 5f}+ . s]jn k|]/0ff / pbfx/0f ag]/ b]vfpg]sf] vfFrf] 5 . ;'?cft cfˆg} 3/, cfˆg} v]taf/Laf6 ug'{ kb{5 . s[lifaf6} ls;fg / b]zsf] ljsf; ;Dej 5, ls;fgsf] s8f kl/>d / d]xgtaf6 . w]/} s'l/of], ca w]/} 9Lnf gu/f}+, w]/} gcndlncf}+ . w]/}, w]/} ug'{ 5 . w]/}, w]/} cufl8 a9g' 5 . To;}n] ca h'6f}+ cfh} s[lif / ls;fgsf] ¿kfGt/0f ug{ =======

vfB ;'/Iff tyf vfBfGgsf] bLuf] pTkfbg / xl/of] dn

– ef]nf dfgl;+x a:g]t, d'Vo j}1flgs -afnL lj1_, g]kfn s[lif cg';GWffg kl/ifb\

g]kfn Ps s[lif k|wfg b]z ePsf] s'/f ;j{ljlbt g} 5 . ;f7Lsf] bzslt/ s[lifdf æxl/tqmflGtÆ cfPsf]n] ;+;f/e/ rf/bzsleq ^#! ldlnog 6gaf6 !,()) ldlnog 6g vfBfGg pTkfbg ePsf] s'/f xfdLdf ;j{ljlbt g} 5 . ef/tdf %) ldlnog 6gaf6 @))   ldlnog 6g vfBfGg pTkfbg ePsf] lyof] / b]znfO{ ck'u vfBfGgaf6 jrt ;d]t x'g]u/L   k|ult ug{ ef/t ;kmn ePsf] 5 . xfnsf] tYof+s cg';f/ ef/tn] @ ;o @& ldlnog 6g   vfBfGg pTkfbg u/]sf] 5 . xl/tqmfGtL k|ljlwsf] ;kmn b]z eg]/ ef/tsf] xl/of0ff, k+hfj / klZrd pTt/k|b]znfO{ pbfx/0fsf] ¿kdf lng] ul/G5 . g]kfndf klg xl/tqmflGt k|ljlwn] ubf{ #) jif{leq hg;+Vof bf]Aa/ ePsf] / vfBfGg pTkfbgklg To:t} u/L bf]Aa/ ePsf] 5 .

g]kfnsf] pTkfbsTj sd /x]sf]n] o;nfO{ u'0f:t/Lo aLp, /f;folgs dn, l;FrfOdf ulDe/tfk"j{s Aojxfl/s ¿kn] laz]if hf]8lbPdf j[l4 ug{ ;lhnf] 5 t/ s]xL lngsf] nflu s]xL lbg'klg kb{5 . vfBfGg /ftf/ft j[l4 x'Fb}g . g]kfndf ;f7Lsf] bzslt/ /f;folgs dnsf] k|of]u u/fpg] afgL a;fpg,  s[lif lgsfon] lbgsf] abnf, /ftdf o'l/ofdn nu]/ ls;fgsf] v]taf/Ldf 5g'{ k/]sf] Aojxfl/s cg'eg xfdL;+u 5 .  xfn ljZje/ vfB ;'/Iffsf] rrf{, kl/rrf{ e}/x]sf] 5  / ahf/efp klg cSsfl;Psf] 5 .  xl/tqmflGt k|ljlwdf pGgt hft, /f;folgs dn, ljiffbL k|of]u, l;FrfO cflbdf laz]if Wofg lbOPsf]n] o; k|sf/ vfBfGg pTkfbgdf a9f]Tt/L ePsf] xf] .

ljleGg b]zsf ;/sf/x¿n] a9bf] hg;+Vof /  36\bf] v]tLof]Uo hldg h:tf >[lht ;d:of jf egf} r'gf}}tLnfO{ ;fdgfug{ xl/tqmflGtsf] ;xf/f lnP/ g} vfBfGg cfk'lt{ug{ ;Ifd ePsf x'g\ . t/ xfn cfP/ ef/tsf] xl/of0ff, k+hfj / ljZje/df klg klxnf ;Tt/Lsf] bzs h:tf] afnL pTkfbsTj Pj+ pTkfbg j[l4 x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . df6f]sf] pj{/fzlStdf x|f; x'g'sf] ;fy} k+hfadf hldgleq kfgLsf] ;tx k|lt jif{ Ps ld6/sf] b/n] 36\b} uO/x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . log} ;d:ofx¿nfO{ dWogh/ /fvL xfn cfP/ æxl/tqmflGtÆ   Green Revolution) sf] abnf  æ;bfjxf/ xl/tqmflGtÆ (Evergreen Revolution) eGg yflnPsf] 5 . ;bfjxf/ xl/tqmflGtdf pGgt hftsf] ;fy} :yfgLo hft, /f;folgs dnsf] ;fy} uf]7], sDkf]i6, xl/of]dn, afnLrqmdf sf]z]afnLsf] k|of]u, ljiffbLsf]  ljsNksf] ¿kdf cGo pkfox¿sf] vf]hL, l;FrfOsf] ;fy} sd kfgLsf] cfjZostfkg]{ hft / k|ljlwx¿sf] vf]lhgLltx¿df ljz]if Wofg lbOg] ul/Psf] 5 .

elgG5 ljut #) jif{df kfgLsf] pknAwtf cfwfh;f] ePsf] 5 / oxL b/df 36\g] xf] eg] cfh kl5 #) jif{df z'Go x'g] xf] t xf}Og< lsgsL ;+;f/e/ pi0ftf al9/x]sf] 5 / lxpFx¿ klUn/x]sfn] ;'?df af9L cfPklg k5L uP/ v8]/L kg]{ x'G5 . To;}n] cfhsfn s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf, PsLs[t vfBfGg Pj+ kf]ifstTj Joj:yfkg, PsLs[t zq'hLj Joj:yfkg, PsLs[t l;FrfO, hnfwf/ Joj:Yffkg h:tf ljifox¿df hf]8lbg] ul/Psf] 5 . lsgsL pTkfbsTj Pj+ pTkfbg a9fP/ dfq ePg, o;af6 df6f]sf] pj{/fzlStdf kg{ hfg] c;/, bLuf] ¿kdf kg{ hfg] jftfj/0fLo k|efj cflbnfO{, Ifl0fs nfen] ubf{  la;{g'  klg x'Fb}g . xfd|f k'vf{n] ckgfPsf v]tLug]{ tf}/tl/sfnfO{ klg ;dLIff u/L x]g'{ kb{5 . x'g t w]/} h;f] pbfx/0flng] xf] eg] cfw'lgs / k/Dk/fut k|ljlwx¿nfO{ PsLs[t u/L nu]df s[lifn] bLuf] c;/ b]vfPsf] kfOG5 .

xfdLn] s[lifdf cfbz{ 5f6g] sL Jojxfl/s x'g] eGg] s'/f /fd|/L dgg\ ug'{ clt h?/L e};s]sf] 5 . oL b'O{ s'/f dWo] s'grfFlx 5fGg] eGbf h:n] klg Aojxfl/s x'g'kb{5 eGg] g} 5g\ . /f;folgs dnsf] s'/f ug]{ xf] eg] elgG5 Ps lsnf]u|fd gfO6«f]hgn] aL; lsnf]u|fd wfg pTkfbg ub{5 . pGgt k|ljlw of egf+} /f;folgs dn cfpg' eGbf cufl8 xfd|f s[ifsx¿n] ufO{j:t'sf] dn, uf]7]dn, k|f+ufl/s dn, v/fgLdn, xl/of]dn, sf]z]afnLnfO{ afnLrqmdf ;dfj]; ug]{ h:tf ljlwx¿ ckgfpFb} cfPsf lyP . t/ /f;folgs dn k|of]u x'g yfn]kl5 k/Dk/fut dnsf] k|of]u sd ub}{ uP jf lj;{g klg yfn] .

;'?;'?df /f;folgs dnsf] k|of]un] afnL pTkfbg a9\b} uof] t/ kl5 uP/ df6f]  s8f x'g], hldg vGg, hf]Tg ufx|f] x'g], ;'IdtTjsf] sdLn] ubf{ la?jfx¿df ljleGg k|sf/sf xflgsf/s nIf0f b]vf k/L pTkfbgdf x|f; x'Fb}hfg] h:tf ;d:ofd'ns cg'ejx¿  ug{ yfn] . km]/L xfdLnfO{ afFRgsf] nflu eft, bfn, t/sf/L rflxP h:tf] u/L afnLnfO{ klg gfO6«f]hg, kmf]:kmf]/; / kf]6f;tTjx¿ rflxg] ub{5 . gfO6«f]hgsf] nflu $^ k|ltzt gfO6«f]hgtTj kfOg] o'l/ofdn lsg]/  xflnG5 . 8fOPdf]lgod ;Nkm]6  -8L=P=kL=_ df eg] !* k|ltzt gfO6«f]hg / $^ k|ltzt kmf]:kmf]/;tTj b'j} kfOG5 . g]kfnL s[ifsx¿n] w]/}jif{;Dd vfnL gfO6«f]hg cyf{t o'l/ofdnsf] dfq c;Gt'lnt  tj/n] k|of]u u/] h:n] ubf{ df6f]df kmf]:kmf]/; / kf]6f;sf] sdL x'Fb} uof] / cGttf]uTjf o'l/ofdn xfn]klg afnLsf] pJhgL 36\b} uof] . 

g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\ -gfs{_ / s[lif ljefu cGtu{t  !%–@) jif{;Dd ;~rfng u/]sf bL3{sfnLg dnvfb k/LIf0fsf] glthfx¿nfO{ s]nfpFbf jf ;dLIffubf{ PsLs[t¿kdf vfBtTj Pj+ kf]ifstTj Joj:yfkg u/]sf] Kn6df bLuf]] ¿kdf df6f]sf] pj{/fzlSt sfod x'g'sf] ;fy} afnL pTkfbsTj Pj+ pTkfbg ;d]t j[l4 ePsf] tYo  km]nf k/]sf] 5 . pbfx/0fsf] nflu PsLs[t Joj:yfkg eGgfn] oxfF !)) lsnf]u|fd  gfO6«f]hg k|lt x]S6/ l;kmfl/; ePsf] dWo] %) lsnf]u|fd o'l/ofaf6 / afFsL %) lsnf]u|fd h}ljsdn cyf{t sDkf]i6, xl/of]dn cflbaf6 lbPsf] eGg] a'em\g' kb{5 . h}ljsdnn] s]xL dfqfdf gfO6«f]hg, kmf]:kmf]/; / kf]6f;tTjx¿sf] ;fy} ;'IdtTjx¿ klg lbg] ePsfn] df6f]df h}ljs kbfy{ (Organic Matter) sf] klg ;b'kof]u  ul/Psf] x'G5 . sDkf]i6dnnfO{  æ/fdjf0fÆ eg] klg x'G5 lsgsL o;n] s8f df6f]  eP v's'nf] kfl/lbG5 / v's'nf] eP s8f kfl/lbG5 . km]/L cfhsfn h}ljs v]tL (Organic Farming) / h}ljs pTkfbg (Organic Product) sf] s'/f klg cfO/x]sf] 5 . o:tf ljifodf h}ljsdn jf sDkf]i6sf] cx\d e"ldsf /x]sf] x'G5 . k|efjsf/L ;'IdtTj  (EM: Effective Micro-organisms) n] sDkf]i6 dn yf]/} ;dodf t}of/ kfg{ ;lsg] k|ljlwsf]] ljsf; klg e};s]sf]] 5 .

o; n]vsf n]vsn] wg'iffl:yt tTsflng xlb{gfy s[lif kmfd{ / xfnsf] /fli6«o   wfgafnL cg';Gwfg sfo{qmd, alglgofFdf cfkm" % jif{ a:bf / ljutsf !%–@) jif{sf]  cg'ejnfO{ ;dLIff ubf{ Pp6f ljut @) jif{b]lv Pp6f @) x]S6/sf] wfgsf] Kn6df k|To]s jif{ lg/Gt/ ¿kdf kmf]:kmf]/; /  kf]6f;nfO{ l;kmfl/; u/] cg';f/ k|of]u u/L gfO6«f]hgsf] nflu eg] l;kmfl/; u/] cg';f/ cfwf efu -%) k|ltzt dfq_ o'l/ofaf6 / afFls cfwf efu -%) k|ltzt_ sf] dfqf PsLs[t tj/n] xl/of]dnsf] ¿kdf 9}Frf k|of]u ul/of] . o;/L gfO6«f]hgsf] cfwf efudfq k|of]u ubf{ klg k|To]s jif{ ;/b/ !@) d]l6«s 6g wfg pTkfbg e} pTkfbsTj klg #&%) lsnf]u|fd k|lt x]S6/ k|fKt ePsf] lyof] . xfn  /fli6«o wfgsf] pTkfbsTj k|lt x]S6/ @*)) lsnf]u|fd dfq 5 . o; n]vsn] pNn]lvt kmfd{df l;kmfl/; u/] cg';f/ gfO6«f]hgsf] cfwfefu xl/of]dnsf] ¿kdf 9}Frfaf6 pknAw u/fO{ jftfj/0fLo b[li6sf]0fn] df6f]sf] pj{/fzlSt jf egf}+ df6f]sf] :jf:Yosfodg}  /fvL % jif{df ^)) d]l6«s 6g wfg pTkfbg u/L ptLj]nf k|lt lsnf] % ?k}of+Fsf]  b/n] dfq klg hDdfhDdL #) nfv ?k}ofFsf] wfgsf] d'naLp tTsflng s[lif ;fdu|L  ;+:yfnfO{ laqmL ljt/0f ug{ ;kmn ePsf] lyof] .

To;}n] lgisz{df k|ToIf :ynut k/LIf0f Pj+ cg'ejsf] cfwf/df Aojxfl/s ¿kn] of] eGg ;lsG5 sL  æ/f;folgs dnÆ x6fpg] xf]Og qmdzM 36fpb} nfg ;xh} ;lsG5 . t/ l;kmfl/; u/] cg';f/sf] dnvfb lbg la;{g' x'Fb}g . lsgsL hg;+Vof 36\g]jfnf 5}g / v]tLug]{ hldg a9g]jfnf 5}g . To;}n] vfB ;'/Iffsf nflu 1fg, lj1fgsf] cfwf/df v]tLu/L k|lt x]S6/ k|ltlbgsf] pTkfbsTj a9fpg' k/]sf] 5 k

s[ifs ynf]M======

-o; ynf]df cfˆgf s[lifhGo ;d:of n]lv k7fpg'xf];\, xfdL lj1sf] ;xof]udf lgbfg pknAw u/fpF5f}+ –s[lif klqsf_

? >L lu/L /fh e08f/L, nIdLk'/ uflj; $, bfËM æxfd|f] ufpFdf s]xL le/fnf] k/]sf] wf]n hldg 5, h;df xfn kfgLsf] lgsf; u/]/ wfgv]tL ul/G5 . ca d ;a}sf] ;xof]u lnP/ To; wfgv]tdf df5fkfng ug{ rfxfG5' . hfgsf/L kfpFÆ <  

s[lif klqsfM e08f/LhL, kfgLsf] e/kbf]{ ;|f]t 5 eg]+ wfgv]tdf df5fkfng u/]/ wfgsf] a9L pTkfbg lng'sf ;fy} df5faf6 yk cfDbfgL klg k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 . wfgv]tdf df5f kfNbf 3f]nhUufdf alnof] afFw agfP/ Ps8]9 kmL6 kfgLsf] ;tx sfod /fVg] aGbf]a:t ldnfpg' kb{5 . v]tsf] aLr jf sfGnfsf] 5]pdf Pp6f vN8f] jf cfjZostf cg';f/ nDafO{ -Ps kmL6 ulx/f], b'O{ lkm6 rf}8f_ ePsf] 6«]Gr agfpg' kb{5 . vfN8f] jf 6]«Grn] wfgv]tdf kfgL sdePsf] ;'Svf tyf wfgafnL leqfpFbf kfgL aufPsf] cj:yfdf df5f ;dfTg ;lhnf] x'g] ub{5 .  wfgv]tdf kfgLsf] k|j]z tyf lgsf;sf nflu ljz]if Joj:yf ug'{ kb{5 h;n] ubf{ aflx/sf] hËnL df5f v]tdf k:g g;sf]; tyf kfn]sf] df5f efu]/ hfg g;sf];\ . wfg v]tdf df5fkfng ug{sf nflu v]tdf cfjZos dfqfdf k|fËufl/s dn k|of]u ug'{ kb{5 .  :yfgLo xfjfkfgLdf x'g;Sg] 9Lnf] kfSg], g9Ng], kfgLdf klg ufFh xfNg ;Sg] pGgt hft h:t} jif]{ –@, $, hfgsL, ;fljqL,  dsjfgk'/ !, lxdfnL, s~rg cflb hftsf wfg nufpg' kb{5 .  wfg /f]k]sf] b'O{ xKtf kl5 kfFr u|fd tf}n ePsf] sdg sfk{ hftsf] df5fsf e'/f k|lt sÝf sl/a 8]9;osf b/n] v]tdf /fVg' kb{5 . o; sdg sfk{n] cGghGo pkkbfy{ tyf sL/f, u8\Øf}nf cflb h]klg vfG5 . yk cfxf/fsf nflu 9'6f], kL7f], kLgf cflb df5fsf] tf}nsf] b'O{ rf/ k|ltzt kfgLdf 3f]n]/ lbPdf df5f l56} km:6fpF5g\ . df5fnfO{ ;k{, r/f, cf]t cflbn] vfg] x'Fbf To;sf] lgoGq0f ul/g 'kb{5 . wfgv]t df5f sl/a b'O{tLg dlxgf ;Dd kflng] x'Fbf o; cjlwdf df5f sl/a 8]9;o u|fdsf] x'G5 cyf{t k|lt sÝf !%–@) lsnf] df5f pTkfbg x'G5 . wfgv]tdf df5f kfNbf wfgsf] pTkfbg @% k|ltzt ;Dd a9g] / df5faf6 k|lt sÝ yk xhf/, b'O{ xhf/ ?k}+ofF ;Dd cfDbfgL lng ;lsG5 . olb kfgLsf] Joj:yf 5 eg]+ wfg sf6]/ klg df5fkfng ug{ ;lsG5 / a9L  cfDbfgL lng ;lsG5 .    k

cfFksf] ujf/f]  tyf o;sf] Joj:yfkg

l;l4 hLjg e";fn, sL6 lj1, g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\

cfFksf] ujf/f] (Mango Stem Borer:  Batocera rufomaculata) af]6sf] xfFuf tyf d'Vo sf08df leq kl; leqleq} vg]/ vfg] ePsf]n] o;nfO{ cfFksf] ujf/f] elgG5 . of] Pp6f nfdf] l;+Ë ePsf] vk6] sL/fsf] nfef{ xf] . dfp vk6]sf] nfdf] l;Ë -Antenna_ x'g] ePsf]n] o;sf] dfpnfO{  ænfdf] l;+Ë] vk6]Æ (Long horned beetle) klg elgG5 . ;fwf/0ftof dfp vk6] dg;'gdf lg:sG5 / !–@ lbgd} c;f/– ;fpg -July-August) dl